C9: Crude Oil and Fuels

A compound containing only Hydrogen and Carbon.

Saturated Hydrocarbons -ane H(n)C(2n+2)

Meth- Eth- Prop- But- Pent-

> Low boiling point High volatility Low viscosity (V runny) Burn without a smoky flame.

> High boiling point Low volatility High viscosity (not runny) Burn with a smoky flame

A way to separate liquids from a mixture of liquids by boiling off the substances at different temperatures, then condensing them and collecting the liquids.

350-50 degrees.

Short.

When oxygen is added to a substance (or when electrons are lost).

When a oxygen is removed from a substance (or when electrons are gained).

Carbon Dioxide + Water

A toxic gas (formula SO2) that causes acid rain.

It absorbs radiation which has been emitted from the surface of the earth as energy, causing it to remain in the atmosphere.

When a fuel burns in insufficient oxygen, producing carbon monoxide as a toxic product.

It is picked up by red blood cells instead of Oxygen. It is colourless and odourless.

Gaseous pollutant given off by motor vehicles; a cause of acid rain.

Small solid particles of carbon and hydrocarbons given off from motor vehicles as a result of incomplete combustion of their fuel.

The reflection of sunlight back into space, caused by particulates. Possible cause of cancer.

> Less harmful if spilled. Burns more cleanly (Less particulates emitted). Will become cheaper as resources dwindle. Plants absorb CO2 as they grow, making biofuels ‘carbon dioxide neutral’. (CO2 still used in fertilisation, harvesting, extracting and processing, and transportation).

> Use farmland, so less is available for crop production. > Could result in famine, deforestation and species becoming extinct as their habitats are destroyed.

The reaction in which enzymes in yeast turn glucose into ethanol and carbon dioxide.

Glucose -> Ethanol + Carbon Dioxide C6H12O6 -> 2C2H5OH + 2CO2

It reacts to produce water; it is clean and environmentally friendly.