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Bio chp. 9,12

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Total cards: 24•Content version: v4•Public deck•Updated: 8/1/2026

Card preview (24)

#1
Front (Question)

DNA stores…..

Back (Answer)

genetic material

#2
Front (Question)

What does DNA make and where is it stored and packaged?

Back (Answer)

makes polypeptides and RNA molecules. it is packaged in chromosomes and stored in nucleus

#3
Front (Question)

Name the 5 levels of organization of DNA structure

Back (Answer)

• Nucleotides • Single DNA strand • DNA Double helix • Chromosome • Genome

#4
Front (Question)

Nucleotides contain what 3 things?

Back (Answer)

phosphate, sugar, and a base

#5
Front (Question)

what are the 2 sugars?

Back (Answer)

Ribose in RNA Deoxyribose in DNA

#6
Front (Question)

What are the bases?

Back (Answer)

• Guanine (G) in DNA and RNA • Cytosine (C) in DNA and RNA • Adenine (A) in DNA and RNA • Uracil (U) only in RNA • Thymine (T) only in DNA

#7
Front (Question)

What is the nucleotide numbering system?

Back (Answer)

1’ to 5’ ▪ Phosphate group is attached to the 5’ carbon on the sugar ▪ Hydroxyl group (-OH) is attached to the 3’ carbon on the sugar

#8
Front (Question)

On a single strand, what links nucleotides and what does it form?

Back (Answer)

phosphodiester bonds link; forms a sugar phosphate backbone

#9
Front (Question)

Does a single strand have directionality

Back (Answer)

yes

#10
Front (Question)

Double helix definition

Back (Answer)

2 DNA stands associate together

#11
Front (Question)

What does the sugar phosphate groups form what?

Back (Answer)

backbone

#12
Front (Question)

Bases project towards the ______

Back (Answer)

center

#13
Front (Question)

What bonds are formed when bases project towards the center?

Back (Answer)

hydrogen bonds

#14
Front (Question)

The two strands are __________

Back (Answer)

antiparallel

#15
Front (Question)

DNA is wound around proteins to produce

Back (Answer)

chromatin

#16
Front (Question)

Chromatin

Back (Answer)

DNA + packaging proteins

#17
Front (Question)

What does it mean when DNA replication is semi conservative?

Back (Answer)

• Each new helix is composed of 1 original (parent) strand and 1 new (daughter) strand.

#18
Front (Question)

Where does DNA replication start?

Back (Answer)

origin of replication

#19
Front (Question)

What are the 4 DNA replication proteins?

Back (Answer)

• single stranded binding proteins • DNA topoisomerase • DNA helicase • DNA polymerase

#20
Front (Question)

Single strand binding proteins

Back (Answer)

Bind single stranded DNA to prevent it re-forming a double helix and to protect it

#21
Front (Question)

DNA topoisomerase

Back (Answer)

Prevents tangling (supercoiling) of DNA ahead of the replication fork.

#22
Front (Question)

DNA helicase

Back (Answer)

Unwinds DNA at the replication fork

#23
Front (Question)

DNA polymerase forms…

Back (Answer)

a phosphodiester bond to link DNA nucleotides together

#24
Front (Question)

What catalyzes the formation of a phosphodiester bond between the incoming nucleotide and the previous nucleotide

Back (Answer)

DNA polymerase