Chapter 1
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What are the properties of a Solid?
They have a fixed arrangement, volume and shape. The bound together particles in a solid vibrate instead of moving. They also can not be compressed.
What are the properties of a Liquid?
Particles joined by bonds, however very weak compared to solids. They have flow (the ability to change position. They have a fixed volume, but no fixed arrangement. Can be compressed. The particles also slide past each other most of the time.
What are the properties of a Gas?
The particles are not bonded together so they are free-moving. There is no fixed volume and shape and it can be compressed.
When a liquid turns into a solid
freezing
When a solid turns into a liquid
melting
When a liquid turns into a gas
evaporation
When a gas turns into a liquid
condensation
When a gas turns into a solid
deposition
When a solid turns into a gas
sublimation
When a liquid is being heated but has not turned into a gas yet
boiling
What is the effect of temperature on a gas?
The higher the temperature of the gas, the more energy the particles receive so the speed of the gas is increased.
How does pressure increase in a container with gas?
If the volume of the gas is increased. If the volume of the container decreases. Lastly, if the temperature increases.
Brownian motion
The random movement of particles in suspension.
How does Brownian motion prove atoms and molecules exist?
It shows that the movement of these particles can effect things such as the motion of pollen grains through their random collisions.
What is the diffusion?
Diffusion is the net movement of molecules from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration. Not requiring any additional energy. Found in gases and liquids, substances diffuse because the random movement of molecules allows them to cover a larger area until equilibrium.
What are the difference in particle motion from a solid - liquid - gas when going through the state change?
When additional energy is added into a solid, the particles began to loosen their bands and start to move, making the substance a liquid. When even more energy is added, the bonds start the break and the particles start moving freely around the area. This is when it turns into a gas.