Chapter 2: Cardiorespiratory System and Gas Exchange
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volume of oxygen a gram of hemoglobin can carry
1.39 ml
average amount of hemoglobin in the blood of a healthy individual
15 g
90% of hemoglobin is bound to oxygen at this partial pressure of oxygen
60 mmHg
binding of one molecule of oxygen leads to a greater affinity for oxygen in hemoglobin
cooperative binding
These shift the oxygen hemoglobin dissociation curve to the right, resulting in an increase of the release of oxygen to myoglobin
increased temp decreased pH
time from SA node impulse to contraction of the ventricles
0.2 seconds
valve that separates the right side of the heart
tricuspid valve
valve that separates the left side of the heart
mitral/bicuspid valve
the resistance of the entire systemic circulation is called
total peripheral resistance
the stimulation of this NS causes constriction or dilation of vessels
sympathetic NS
pressure exerted against the aterials walls as blood is forcefully ejected during ventricular contraction
Systolic BP
Work of the heart is reffered to as this
rate-pressure product RPP or double product
RPP =
SBP x HR
pressure exerted against the aterial walls when no blood is being forcefully ejected through the vessels
DBP
MAP
mean arterial blood pressure
T/F: MAP is the average SBP and DBP
F, DBP is a larger contributing factor
Amount of blood pumped by the heart in one minute
cardiac output
Cardiac output (Q) =
Stroke volume x HR
amount of blood ejected per beat
Stroke volume
SV =
EDV -ESV
the more the left ventricle is stretched, the more forceful the contraction and thus the greater volume of blood leaving the ventricle
frank-starling principle
EDV is influenced by 2
heart volume venous return of blood to the heart
of generations in the lungs (count after the split of the trachea into left and right bronchi)
23
method of examining static lung volumes
spirometry