Bio 20-22 excel export csv

T-the naming of organisms & grouping them into logical categories P-involves showing how organisms are related evolutionarily

a group of closely related organisms

three major categories of organisms: bacteria, archaea, eucarya. based on their structural and biochemical features of their cells

subdivision of a domain

subdivision of a kingdom

subdivision of a phylum

subdivision of a class

subdivision of an order

domain, kingdom, phylum, class, order, family, genus, species

the science that explores the evolutionary relationships among organisms, seeking to reconstruct evolutionary history through study of fossils, comparitive anatomy, life cycle information, and biochemical/molecular evidence.

studies fossils or currently living organisms - idea that organisms having similar structures are thought to be related. ex: all organisms that have hair and mammary glands are grouped together.

ex: both birds and reptiles lay eggs with shells, however reptiles lack feathers and have scales covering their bodies.

ex: kinds of chlorophyll found in algae and plants

small, prokaryotic, single celled, no nucleus, reproduce by binary fission=asexual reproduction, move by secreting slime to glide or flagellum, anaerobic or aerobic, some=saprophytes (obtain energy by decomposition of dead organic material), some=parasites (obtain energy and nutrients from living hosts and cause disease), can be autotrophic like cyanobacteria or can be chemosynthetic.

prokaryotic, reproduce asexually through binary fission, many shapes-rods, spheres, spirals, filaments & flat plates, found in extreme environments (extremephiles), autotrophs and heterotrophs. have ribosomes

eukaryotic cells, much larger than prokaryotic, presense of specialized membranous organelles: ER, mitochondria, chloroplasts and nuclei

3 major types: • ALGAE: plant-like autotrophs; unicellular • PROTOZOA: animal-like heterotrophs; unicellular • fungus-like protists (slime & water molds)

most are nonmotile, have rigid/thin wall, non-photosynthetic, eukaryotic, most are multicellular however yeasts are single celled, most are saprophytes, some are parasitic or mutualistic, are decomposers in all ecosystems

nonmotile, terrestrial, multicellular, contain chlorophyll, produce their own organic compounds by photosynthesis, have a cellulose cell wall, have a alteration of generations life cycle (2 stages: gametophyre generation: produces haploid sex cells by mitosis, sporophyte generation which is where the sex cells unite to form a diploid zygote)

composed of eukaryotic cells, are heterotrophic and are multicellular. motile at least during some part of their lives, most reproduce sexually

viruses, viroids, and prions

acellular infectious particle consisting of nucleic acid core surrounded by a coat of protein. can only function when they are inside if a living cell. viruses are not considered living and are not capable of living and reproducing by themselves. Do not have DNA

infectious particles found in host crop plants like potatoes and cucumbers. can result in stunted/distorted growth and/or may cause the plant to die

proteins that can be passed from one organism to another and cause disease. cause changes in the brain that result in a spongy appearance called spongiform encephalopathies. symptoms involve abnormal behavior and eventually death