Pain & Temperature - CH. 15

Physiologic response to heat, cold, vibration, stretch, or chemicals released from damaged cells that may cause tissue damage.

Aching, throbbing, or dull pain arising from the skin, muscles, and joints that is usually discrete and intense

Squeezing, cramping, dull, and deep pain originating in a bodily organ. Often poorly localized to the affected organ and commonly associated with referred pain

Increased sensitivity to painful stimuli and results from abnormal processing of pain information in the peripheral or central nervous system. It is generally the result of trauma or disease of nerves and is most often chronic. Does NOT active nociceptive receptors and does not follow a typical transmission pattern of impulse conduction

Pressure on nerve Physical injury to neuron Chemical injury to neuron Infection of neuron Ischemia Inflammation

Inflammation of a nerve

Pain that follows the distribution of a nerve

Pain or the loss of sensory and/or motor function as a result of impaired conduction in a spinal nerve or its roots

A disease or disorder of the PNS and/or CNS

Constant or intermittent burning, aching, or lancinating limb pain due to lesions or dysfunction of peripheral nerves

Caused by lesion in CNS. Cord trauma, phantom limb

Associated with acute tissue damage/trauma, inflammation, a surgical procedure, or a brief disease process. May be somatic (superficial), visceral (internal), or referred (present in an area distant from its origin). Can last from hours to weeks

Alerts an individual to a condition or experience that is immediately harmful to the body. Duration and intensity of pain diminish as tissue healing occurs

Fear & anxiety Tachycardia, hypertension, fever, diaphoresis, dilated pupils, outward pain behaviors, elevated blood sugar levels, decreased gastric acid secretion and intestinal motility, and a general decrease in blood flow

Pain lasting well beyond the expected normal healing and may be intermittent or persistent. Chronic pain is a situation; state of existence and is often associated with chronic diseases. Usually defined as lasting at least 3-6 months or longer than expected for healing to take place.

Repeated and intense episodes of pain separated by pain-free periods ex. migraine

Continuous pain with varying levels of intensity

Continuous pain that increases in intensity ex. cancer pain

Involves transduction, transmission, modulation, and perception of the pain. 3 responsible portions of nervous system: afferent, CNS, efferent pathways

Conversion of a noxious thermal, mechanical, or chemical stimulus into a nerve impulse

Responsible for the detection of a noxious thermal, mechanical, or chemical stimuli

Free nerve endings in skin, muscle, joint, arteries, and the viscera that respond to chemical, mechanical, and thermal stimuli. Responsible for the transduction of a noxious stimulus into a nerve impulse

Responsible for transmission of a noxious stimulus to the spinothalamic tract in the CNS.

Large myelinated fibers that have a low stimulation threshold and a fast conduction velocity