Sedimentary Rocks
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Lithification
process by which sedimentary rocks are formed (compaction and cementation)
2 primary sources of sediment
solid particles (detrius) from weathered rocks (like igneous rocks); chemical/biochemical/organic
Detrital Rock particle size Classification from (G-L)
Conglomerate & Breccia; Sandstone (Rich in quartz and forms quartzite) & Arkose (Sandstone that contains more than 25% potassium feldspar - orthoclase); shale/mudstone & Siltstone
Chemical Sedimentary Rocks are formed from ____
dissolved matter precipitating to form chemical sediments
Biochemical Sedimentary Rocks are formed from____
skeletons of mineral matter that accumulate on the ocean floor
Organic Sedimentary Rocks are formed from ____
Organic sedimentary rocks form from the accumulation and lithification (hardening) of once-living organisms, like plants or marine shells, but not the same as biochemical rocks
Organic Sedimentary Rocks (formed from living organisms but not the same as biochemical):
Coal, oil shale, natural gas
Chemical Sedimentary Rocks:
Gypsum, Rock salt, chert, Travertine
Biocemical Sedimentary Rocks:
Chalk, Coquina (made up of shells), Fossiliferous limestone, microcrystalline limestone, crystalline limestone
varieties of chert:
flint, jasper, chert arrowhead, petrified wood
Coal sequence beginning to end
Peat - Lignite - Subbituminous Coal - Bituminous coal - Anthracite
Single most defining characteristic of sedimentary rock:
strata