3.3.9 Carboxylic acids and derivatives
No description yet. This curated deck is ready for daily study.
Card preview (24)
Carboxylic acid function group and what it can be broken into
Carboxyl - COOH carbonyl - C=O hydroxyl - OH
Are carboxylic acids weak or strong
Weak
Carboxylic acids are weak acids whag does this mean
They partially dissociate to form a H+ ion and a carboxylate ion
Carboxylate ion and give ezamples
O || R - C \ O- O || H7C3 ---- C \ O- butanoate ion
Where does equibrum lie when Carboxylic acid disassociates
Lies to The left as it dissociates poorly
Carboxylic acid + metal carbonate -> …
Salt + CO2 + water
carboxylic acid + metal s eg methanoic acid + sodium
salt + hydrogen gas sodium methanoate and h2
carboxylic acids react with metal oxides and hydroxides to form
salt + water
How to form esters (2 ways)
• Reacting Alcohol + Carboxylic acid and sulfuric acid catalyst • alcohol + acid anhydrid
Ester functional group
O || C \ O
ester general fomula
R1COOR2 R2 starts w a carbon atom
Equation for reacting Carboxylic acid with alcohol and cond
Carboxylic acid + alcohol -> ester + water - strong acid catalyst like hcl or h2so4 - heat
Acid anhydride and alcohol equation
Acid anhydride + alcohol -> ester + Carboxylic acid
2 part process in naming esters
1) name alkyl group eg ethyl methyl 2) name part of ester formed from Carboxylic acid instead of using -oic acid we use - oate Eg propanoate
4 Uses of esters and explain the property of esters that gives them thus ability
Eg fragrances and food flavouring cus they’re sweet smelling,soluble in ethanol,volatile,dont react w h2o and non toxic - solvents bc they’re polarso will dissolve readily in other polar compounds - plasticisers - make plastics more flexible during polymerisation process they can leach out of the plastic over time
2 methods of ester hydrolysis
Acid hydrolysis Base hydrolysis
Describe method of acid hydrolysis
Dilute hydrochloric acid heat Under reflux splitting up ester into alcohol and Carboxylic acid reaction is reversible
Describe method of base hydrolysis saponification
Base - excess dilute NaOH heat under reflux spitting up ester into carboxylate salt and an alcohol reaction not reversible
when we react glycerol and fatty acids we produce…
an ester which makes fats and oils
glycerol IUPAC name
propan - 1,2,3 - triol
2 kinds of fatty acid and explain them
saturated - single c-c bonds unsaturated - double c=c bonds
unsaturated fatty acids with more double bonds are called…
polyunsaturated fatty acids
an oil and fats are an example of an …
ester
ester link
O ll O - C