Introduction to Organic Chemistry
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What is a hydrocarbon?
A compound that consists of hydrogen and carbon atoms only.
What is unsaturated?
Contains atleast one C=C double bond.
What is saturated?
Contains C-C single bonds only.
What is the molecular formula?
Shows the actual number of each type of atom.
What is the empirical formula?
Shows the simplest whole number ratio of atoms of each element in the compound.
What is the general formula?
Algebraic formula for a homologous series.
What is the structural formula?
Shows the arrangement of atoms in a molecule.
What is the displayed formula?
Shows all the covalent bonds and atoms present in a molecule.
How many bonds must each carbon have?
4
What is the shape around the carbon atom in a saturated hydrocarbon and what is the bond angle?
Tetrahedral and 109.5°.
What is the skeletal formula?
Shows just the carbon skeleton and associated functional groups.
What is a functional group?
An atom or group of atoms which when present in different molecules causes them to have similar chemical properties.
What is a homologous series?
Families of organic compounds with the same functional group and same general formula.
Describe 2 features of a homologous series?
They have the same chemical properties. They show a gradual change in physical properties e.g boiling point.
Suffix for alkane?
-ane
Suffix for alkene?
-ene.
Suffix for alcohol?
-ol.
Prefix for alcohol?
Hydroxy-
Prefix for halogenoalkane?
Chloro- Bromo- Iodo-
Suffix for aldehyde?
-al.
Prefix for aldehyde?
Formyl-
Suffix for ketone?
-one.
Prefix for ketone?
Oxo-
Suffix for carboxylic acid?
-oic acid.