respiratory system

pumping fresh air or water to gas exchange surface to repace air or water already there and maintain concentration gradient

controlled release of energy from organic compounds to make ATP

process of absorving one gas from an environment and relesae another

organ reponsible to ventilation and gas exchange; close and internal

tube that carries air to and from lungs

passage that directs air form trachea into lungs

branches that branch out from bronchus and bring air to alveoli

responsible for exhalation and inhalation movement

muscle surrounding the lungs to help with the chest and mechanical breathing

thin walled sacs covered in capillaries where exchange occurs

inverse relationship with pressure to volume

• Diaphragm contracts, intercoastal and abdominal muscules raise ribcage (increase volume due to reduced pressure in thoraic cavity) • pressure inside lungs decreases • air can enter lungs

• air leavs alveoli in lungs • increases pressure in lungs • lung tissue decreases in volume as more pressure is erected on it • thoraic cavity decreases in volume; pressure incresaes • more pressure on lung tissue • thoraic cavity volume decreases so the muscles relax • air is released

enlargement and damage of alveoli; reduces surface area and oxygen diffusion into blood symptoms; short of breath and chronic bronchitus causes: smoking, pollution, fumes

cancerous growth in lungs; dysfunctional lung tissue • high motrality rate causes: carcinogens and smoking

• alveolar cell very thin with large membrane surface area

• cuboidal shape, small surface area • produce and secrete a solution that acts as a surfactant • capable of mitosis