Chromosomal Abnormalities
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Define Nondisjunction
Means a pair of homologous chromosomes has failed to separate or segregate at anaphase so that both chromosomes of the pair pass to the same daughter cell.
Define Trisomy
A condition in which an extra copy of a chromosome is present in the cell nuclei, causing developmental abnormalities.
Define Monosomy
A form of aneuploidy with the presence of only one chromosome from a pair.
Define Autosomes
Any chromosome that is not a sex chromosome.
Define Sex Chromosomes
A type of chromosome involved in sex determination.
Define Barr Body
A densely staining inactivated condensed X chromosome that is present in each somatic cell of most female mammals and is used as a test of genetic femaleness.
Define Deletion (Chromosomal Abnormality)
It means that a part of a chromosome is missing or deleted.
Define Duplication (Chromosomal Abnormality)
It means that a part of a chromosome is duplicated, or present in 2 copies
Define Inversion (Chromosomal Abnormality)
A DNA rearrangement in which a segment of a chromosome is flipped between two break points, so that the sequence reads in the opposite direction to the original
Define Translocation (Chromosomal Abnormality)
A genetic change in which a piece of one chromosome breaks off and attaches to another chromosome.