Chemical Bonding and Structure
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Component metals, properties and uses of Steel
Iron and Carbon High tensile strength but corrodes Used a s structural material
Component metals, properties and uses of Stainless steel
Iron, Nickel and Chromium Strong and resistant to corrosion Domestic and industrial appliances
Component metals and uses of Brass
Copper and zinc Pluming fittings and instruments
Component metals and uses of Bronze
Copper and tin Coins, medals, and tools
Component metals and uses of Pewter
Tin, antimony and copper Decorative objects
Component metals, properties, and uses of Duralumin
Aluminum, copper and manganese Strong, light and resistant to corrosion Aircrafts, boats, and Machinery
Component metals and uses of Nichrome
Nickel and copper Heating elements in toasters and electric heaters
Component metals, properties and uses of Solder
Lead and tin Low mp Joining of two metals in electric circuits
Component metals and uses of Sterling silver
Silver and copper Jewellery and art objects
What dictates wether a bind is ionic?
If the difference in electro negativity is GREATER than 1.8
What is a coordinate bond?
When the electrons in a shared pair of electrons between two atoms comes from just one of those atoms
What is the relationship between bond length and bond strength
The shorter the bond the stronger the bond.
How do binds become polar?
This occurs when a shaheed pair of electrons are not shared equally as one atom has a higher electronegative attracting the electrons more. The atom which attracts the electrons more is marked with a negative sigma.
What does VSPER theory state?
Electron domains arrange themselves around the central atom such that they are as far apart from each other as possible.
Name the shape and bond angle when a molecules has this many number of domains (all bonded) : -2 -3 -4 -5 -6
2 - linear, 180° 3 - trigonal planar,120° 4 - tetrahedral, 109.5° 5 - trigonal bipyramidal, 90°, 120° and 180° 6 - octahedral, 90° and 180°
Shape of a molecule with three domains (2 bonding, 1 non bonding) and the bond angle
Bent, V-Shapped Bond angle less than 120° as repulsion between non binding pair is greater
Shape of a molecule with 4 domains (3 bonding, 1 non bonding) and the bond angle
Trigonal pyramidal Less than 109.5° as repulsion caused by non binding pair is greater
Shape of a molecule with 4 domains (2 bonding, 2 non bonding) and the bond angle
Bent, V- Shaped Less than 109.5° and less than bond angle in 3 bonding 1 non binding as two non binding cause greatest repulsion
Shape of a molecule with 6 domains (4 bonding, 2 non bonding) and the bond angle
Square planar 90° bond angle
Shape of a molecule with 5 domains (4 bonding, 1 non bonding) and the bond angle
See-saw 120° and 90°
Shape of a molecule with 5 domains (3 bonding, 2 non bonding) and the bond angle
T - shape 90°
What are resonance hybrids ?
When a molecule can be written as two or more different forms in Lewis structures
Evidence for resonance structures
In Ozone (O3) the bond length between the supposedly double bonded and single bonded oxygen atoms are equal length and an intermediate length to a typical single or double bond of oxygen atoms
When is a molecule polar?
When the differences in electronegative between atoms causes a resultant dipole (doesn’t cancel out due to its shape)