Immune System
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antigens
substances on the surfaces of agents that act to identify them, to the body, as being native or foreign.
allergies
an immune response to a foreign agent that is not a pathogen aka a immune system response to something consider not harmful
autoimmune disease
a pathology that results from the immune system mistaking part of the body as a pathogen
when someone receives that wrong type of blood what kind of response is triggered
tissue rejection
innate immune system
A collection of nonspecific barriers and cellular responses that serve as an inborn first and second line of defense against pathogens
5 examples of innate immune system
1. skin 2 hair 3 earwax 4 salt on skins 5 eye cleansing tears
commensal microorganisms
microscopic organisms that live in or on the human body without causing it harm. lines areas in contact with the external environment
antimicrobial
a substance that kills or inhibits growth of microorganisms with minimal damage to the host. found in mucus, tears and saliva part of innate immune system
inflammation
the resulting redness, swelling, hear, and pain in an area of defense by innate immunity. Second line of defense. when it enters the system
phagocytosis
ingestion of particles by a cell or phagocyte.
macrophage
a large white blood cell that ingests foreign materials.
antigen-presenting cell
when a macrophage puts parts of the ingested antigens no its cell membrane to alert patrolling t cells
cytokines
cell signaling molecules released primarily by helper t-cells and macrophages. certain cytokines activate cytotoxic t-cells
histamine
a white blood cell secretion that triggers capillary permeability and vasodilatation
interferons
proteins secreted by leukocytes when they are infected with viruses
both external and internal aspects of the innate immune system operate quickly in response to pathogens. Because of their ________ responses, prior history with particular pathogen is ____________ to trigger an immune reaction
nonspecific not necessary
Adaptive Immune System
A kind of passive or active immunity in which antibodies to a particular antigen are present in the body
Adaptive immune response is _____ than innate immune
slower; as each response is unique, but when a defense is created it triggers fast response
b-cells, t-cells and what t-cells become are types of what
lymphocytes (white blood cells)
cell-mediated Immunity
a type of adaptive immunity in which t lymphocytes attack parasitic worms, cancer cells, transplanted tissues or cells that contain pathogens
antibodies/immunoglobulins
blood proteins that have a variable region that fits a specific antigen
antibody-mediated immuntiy
a defense that employs B cells to create antibodies that tag pathogens for later destruction. Also know as humoral immunity.
Ways to have adaptive immunity
naturally; passive (maternal) active (infection) artificial; passive (antibody transfer), active (immunization)
passive immunity
temporary immunity gained by a body that has acquired antibodies from an outside source.