Exam 1
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latin meaning of forensic
“of the forum”
lochards exchange principle
every contact leaves a trace
who do forensic scientists work for?
law enforcement or as civilians
how many labs are in the us?
400
what are bode labs used for?
paternity testing
what is a crime scene?
where the forensic world is established
goal of processing crime scene
collect and preserve evidence for later analysis
primary location vs secondary location
primary- original crime scene secondary- subsequent crime scene
macro vs micro scopic location
macro- one location micro- specific types of physical evidence
steps to process crime scene
plan of action, secure scene, survey, document, search, and collect
1st on the scene duties
detain suspects, provide medical assistance if needed
crime scene documentation
measurements, notes, photos, and sketch
measurements
must be taken from 2 pem points
photos
taken with and without scale
patterns of searching
spiral, zone, line, and grid
liquid evidence vs biological evidence
airtight container v nonairtight
what must happen to the containers after packaging?
sealed with signature on seal
trier of fact
whoever determines guilt or innocence
chain of custody
ppl who come in contact with evidence
real vs augmented evidence
real- blood and fingerprints augmented- created like diagrams and drawings
direct v indirect transfer
direct- source to location with no intermediaries indirect- one or more intermediaries
persistence
duartion which evidence remains in location before further transferred
contamination
undesired transfer between items of evidence
individualization
one unique characteristic exists in known and unknown samples