Faults

Extensional regime Pulling two pieces of crust apart, plane of division is created. FOOT WALL is higher HANGING WALL has been pulled down Motion of rock should be easy to tell because you can see shift/offset in layering

Compressional regime Hanging wall moves upwards in relation to the foot wall STEEPER ANGLE (60°) than thrust fault, therefore also less movement Motion of rock should be easy to tell because you can see shift/offset in layering

Compressional regime Essentially the same as a reverse fault, where the hanging wall has moved up in relation to the foot wall, however it is at a LOW ANGLE (30°) Much more movement in the rock/hanging wall than in a regular reverse fault

No vertical movement, its horizontal/ side to side

In extensional environments Produce normal faults Can be reactived to form reverse faults if environment because compressional

• When rock is COLD and snap (instead of bending/being malleable) –> closer to surface/shallower depths within Earth’s lithosphere • Relatively low pressure –> compressional or extensional environment • High strain rates

• Higher temp –>deeper, deep crust/upper mantle/lithosphere • Higher pressure –>compressional environment • Low strain

Foliation: -Only occurs in metamorphic rocks - Shows no difference in color becsuse minerology stays the same -Thin layers form (looks like pages of book from the side) Banding: -Change in color due to chnage in mineral composition -Can occur in all kinds of rocks

Terminology -Undulous extinction -minerals aligned (or not) perpendicularly to main stress

Terminology -Parasitic folds -Rock foliation perpendicular to main stress

Terminology: -Fold hinge -Axial plane -Anticline -Syncline -Antiform -Synform