Transition metals (P1+P3)
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What is a transition metal?
Forms at least one stable ion with a partially filled d-subshell
Which 2 elements are not transition metals and why?
Scandium as it only forms Sc3+ Zinc as it only forms Zn2+
What features do transition metals display?
form complex ions form coloured ions display catalytic properties have variable oxidation states
What is a ligand?
a molecule which can donate a lone pair of electrons that can form a coordinate bond with a transition metal ion.
What is a bidentate ligand?
A ligand that has 2 separate atoms. Each atom has a pair of electrons available to form a coordinate bond.
What is a coordination number?
number of coordinate bonds a TM forms
What is a complex ion?
Central atom surrounded by ligands.
What is a monodentate ligand?
forms one coordinate bond only.
Give 2 examples of bidentate ligands
• Ethane-1,2-diamine • Ethanedioate
How many coordinate bonds can EDTA^4- form?
6 in total; - 2 from the Nitrogen’s in the middle - 4 from the Oxygens on the end.
What is the chelate effect?
• when monodentate ligands are replaced by fewer multidentate ligands. • there is always an entropy
[Cu(NH3)6]2+ + 3H2NCH2CH2NH2 –> [Cu(H2NCH2CH2NH2)3]2+ + 6NH3 Explain why this reaction is feasible?
• enthalpy change is 0 • number of Cu-N bonds broken and formed is equal. • 7 moles are formed from 4 moles. • there is a large increase in entropy. • delta G = negative.
What is haemoglobin made up of?
4 coordinate bonds between Fe2+ and nitrogen atoms in haem - 1 coordinate bond