Periodic Trends
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What are the 6 groups on the peridoic table?
(1) Alkali metals (2) Alkaline earth metals (3) Transition metals (4) Chalcogenides (5) Halogens (6) Noble gases
What dictates an isotope?
The number of neutrons
What is a nucleon?
The combination electrons, protons, and neutrons.
What number elements prefer a 1:1 proton to neutron ratio?
2-20
Which number elements prefer a 1:1.5 proton to neutron ratio?
21-82
Why is Fe more abundant than some of the other elements that exceed it on the periodic table?
Due to it being the last element to be formed after the star implodes
What conduces an element to be of a certain metallic character?
Conductivity
Define a metal
“The sea of electrons” High mobility of electrons are a distinct feature of metals. They are ductile, shiny, conductive, and dense.
Define a non-metal
Acid/base products tend to be amphoteric. They are soft and brittle.
Define a metalloid
Consists of different allotropes which vary their physical properties including a variety of conductivity
Ionization Energy
How easy it is to take an electron from an atom
What is Zeff?
Effective Nuclear Charge
Electron affinity
How likely an atom gains an element
What happens to electron affinity and ionization energy as you move up and to the right of the periodic table?
They both increase.
What dictates the radius of an atom?
The valence electron’s shell.
What will increase the size of the atomic radius?
Moving down the periodic table.
What happensto the size of the atomic radius as you move to the right of the periodic table?
The atomic radius decreases.
Does more stable isotopes equivicate to an even number of neutrons or an odd number of neutrons?
An even number of neutrons.
Define Effective Nuclear Charge
Protons pull on the collective shell that the electrons occupy more than the individual electrons themselves
What is the equation for Zeff?
Zeff=Z-sigma,s
Do inner electrons shield outer electrons from the nucleus or do outer electrons shield the inner electrons from the nucleus?
Inner electrons shield the outer electrons from the nucleus, but not vice versa. This is Slater’s 1st rule.
What is the value for each electron that shields in the same n-level?
0.35
In the case of s and p, if d and f are being shielded, what is the value for that shielding if in the same n-level?
1.00
How much does each electron shield in the n-1 level?
0.85