2.4 macromolecules
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Pure substances that cannot be broken into simpler substances
Element
Molecules that can bond to similar or identical molecules to form a polymer
monomers
A substance composed of similar units bonded together
polymer
A chemical reaction between two molecules in which a water molecule is released and a covalent bond forms; often requires an input of energy; polymers are built as a result of this reaction
dehydration reaction
A chemical reaction in which a water molecule cleaves a covalent bond to form two products; monomeric subunits of polymers are cleaved from a polymer by this reaction
hydrolysis reaction
Carbohydrate polymers made of many sugar molecules
polysaccharides
A sugar compound that serves as the backbone for triglycerides and phospholipids
glycerol
A molecule composed of a long hydrocarbon chain with a carboxylic acid group on one end
fatty acid
A phosphorus atom bound to four oxygen atoms
phosphate group
An important biological macromolecule that is present in all cells and controls the intermediate steps involved in protein synthesis
ribonucleic acid (RNA)
The set of 64 codons that specify the 20 amino acids
genetic code
Which of the following groups is synthesized from monosaccharides like glucose?
Carbohydrates Glucose is a carbohydrate monomer.
Which of the following monomers form enzymes?
Amino acids Enzymes are proteins, so they are made up of amino acids.
Which of the following macromolecules stores genetic information?
Deoxyribonucleic acid
In 8 to 10 sentences, explain why each type of macromolecule is important to the human body.
Briefly describe a function of each macromolecule. Macromolecules perform different functions for living things. Carbohydrates are used as a source of energy and for structural purposes. Lipids can form membranes and store energy. They are used as chemical messengers. Nucleic acids store genetic information and help transmit information needed to make proteins. Proteins form many body structures, form enzymes used in metabolism, provide immunity, form cell membrane transport channels, and can even be used as an energy source.