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Paper 2 final day

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Total cards: 24•Content version: v4•Public deck•Updated: 8/1/2026

Card preview (24)

#1
Front (Question)

Radical substitution (alkane → haloalkane)

Back (Answer)

Reagent(s): halogen (X2) Condition(s): UV radiation Reaction type: substitution General equation: RH + X2 → RX + HX

#2
Front (Question)

Hydrogenation (alkene → alkane)

Back (Answer)

Reagent(s): hydrogen (H2(g)) Condition(s): Ni catalyst (at 423 K) Reaction type: addition (also reduction) General equation: R2C=CR2 + H2 → CHR2CHR2

#3
Front (Question)

Dihalogenation (alkene → dihaloalkane)

Back (Answer)

Reagent(s): halogen (X2) Condition(s): N/A Reaction type: electrophilic addition (mechanism required) General equation: R2C=CR2 + X2 → CXR2CXR2

#4
Front (Question)

Halogenation (alkene → haloalkane)

Back (Answer)

Reagent(s): hydrogen halide (HX) Condition(s): N/A Reaction type: electrophilic addition (mechanism required) General equation: R2C=CR2 + HX → CHR2CXR2

#5
Front (Question)

Hydration (alkene → alcohol)

Back (Answer)

Reagent(s): steam (H2O(g)) Condition(s): acid catalyst (H3PO4) Reaction type: addition General equation: R2C=CR2 + H2O → CHR2C(OH)R2

#6
Front (Question)

Polymerisation (alkene → poly(alkene)

Back (Answer)

Reagent(s): alkene monomer Condition(s): N/A Reaction type: addition General equation: R2C=CR2 → −CR2−CR2−

#7
Front (Question)

Oxidation (primary alcohol → aldehyde or carboxylic acid)

Back (Answer)

Reagent(s): K2Cr2O7/H2SO4 Condition(s): heat and distil (aldehyde); heat under reflux (carboxylic acid) Reaction type: redox General equation: RCH2OH + [O] → RCHO + H2O (when distilling to form aldehyde) RCH2OH + 2[O] → RCOOH + H2O (when refluxing to form carboxylic acid)

#8
Front (Question)

Oxidation (secondary alcohol → ketone)

Back (Answer)

Reagent(s): K2Cr2O7/H2SO4 Condition(s): heat under reflux Reaction type: redox General equation: RCH(OH)R + [O] → RCOR + H2O

#9
Front (Question)

Dehydration (alcohol → alkene)

Back (Answer)

Reagent(s): N/A Condition(s): heat with an acid catalyst (H3PO4 or H2SO4) Reaction type: elimination General equation: CHR2C(OH)R2 → R2C=CR2 + H2O

#10
Front (Question)

Substitution (alcohol → haloalkane)

Back (Answer)

Reagent(s): NaX/H2SO4 Condition(s): heat under reflux Reaction type: nucleophilic substitution General equation: ROH + NaX + H2SO4 → RX + NaHSO4 + H2O

#11
Front (Question)

Substitution (haloalkane → alcohol)

Back (Answer)

Reagent(s): aqueous alkali (NaOH(aq)) Condition(s): heat under reflux Reaction type: nucleophilic substitution (mechanism required) General equation: RX + NaOH → ROH + NaX

#12
Front (Question)

Nitration (benzene → nitrobenzene)

Back (Answer)

Reagent(s): concentrated nitric acid Condition(s): concentrated sulfuric acid catalyst and 50C Reaction type: electrophilic substitution (mechanism required) General equation: C6H6 + HNO3 → C6H5NO2 + H2O

#13
Front (Question)

Halogenation (benzene → halobenzene)

Back (Answer)

Reagent(s): halogen (X2) Condition(s): halogen carrier catalyst (FeX3 or AlX3) Reaction type: electrophilic substitution (mechanism required) General equation: C6H6 + X2 → C6H5X + HX

#14
Front (Question)

Friedel-Crafts alkylation (benzene → alkylbenzene)

Back (Answer)

Reagent(s): haloalkane Condition(s): halogen carrier catalyst (FeX3 or AlX3) Reaction type: electrophilic substitution General equation: C6H6 + RX → C6H5R + HX

#15
Front (Question)

Friedel-Crafts acylation (benzene → acylbenzene)

Back (Answer)

Reagent(s): acyl chloride Condition(s): halogen carrier catalyst (FeX3 or AlX3) Reaction type: electrophilic substitution General equation: C6H6 + RCOCl → C6H5COR + HCl

#16
Front (Question)

Neutralisation (phenol → phenoxide salt)

Back (Answer)

Reagent(s): strong alkali (NaOH) Condition(s): N/A Reaction type: neutralisation General equation: C6H5OH + NaOH → C6H5ONa + H2O

#17
Front (Question)

Bromination (phenol → 2,4,6-tribromophenol)

Back (Answer)

Reagent(s): bromine water Condition(s): N/A Reaction type: electrophilic substitution General equation: C6H5OH + 3Br2 → C6H2Br3OH + 3HBr

#18
Front (Question)

Nitration (phenol → 2-nitrophenol and 4-nitrophenol)

Back (Answer)

Reagent(s): dilute nitric acid Condition(s): N/A Reaction type: electrophilic substitution General equation: C6H5OH + HNO3 → HOC6H4NO2 + H2O

#19
Front (Question)

Oxidation (aldehyde → carboxylic acid)

Back (Answer)

Reagent(s): K2Cr2O7/H2SO4 or Tollens’ reagent (ammoniacal silver nitrate) Condition(s): heat Reaction type: redox General equation: RCHO + [O] → RCOOH

#20
Front (Question)

What is tollens reagent’s scientific name?

Back (Answer)

ammoniacal silver nitrate

#21
Front (Question)

Reduction (aldehyde → primary alcohol)

Back (Answer)

Reagent(s): NaBH4 Condition(s): N/A Reaction type: nucleophilic addition (mechanism required) General equation: RCHO + 2[H] → RCH2OH

#22
Front (Question)

Reduction (ketone → secondary alcohol)

Back (Answer)

Reagent(s): NaBH4 Condition(s): N/A Reaction type: nucleophilic addition (mechanism required) General equation: RCOR + 2[H] → RCH(OH)R

#23
Front (Question)

Nucleophilic addition of HCN (carbonyl → hydroxynitrile)

Back (Answer)

Reagent(s): NaCN(aq)/H+ (aq) Condition(s): N/A Reaction type: nucleophilic addition (mechanism required) General equation: RCHO + HCN → RCH(OH)CN or RCOR + HCN → R2C(OH)CN

#24
Front (Question)

Neutralisation (carboxylic acid → carboxylate salt)

Back (Answer)

Reagent(s): base Condition(s): N/A Reaction type: neutralisation General equation: eg carbonate RCOOH + Na2CO3 → RCOONa + CO2 + H2O eg metal oxide 2RCOOH + CaO → (RCOO)2Ca + H2O eg alkali RCOOH + KOH → RCOOK + H2O