respiratory system

ventilation, perfusion, diffusion, regulation

exchange of air between the lungs and the atmosphere so that oxygen can be exchanged for carbon dioxide in the alveoli

passage of fluid through the circulatory system or lymphatic system to an organ or a tissue. This term usually refers to the delivery of blood to a capillary bed in tissue

physical process that refers to the net movement of molecules from a region of high concentration to one of lower concentration.

conducted by the carotid and aortic bodies. They are the sensory organs for monitoring arterial blood oxygen (O2) and carbon dioxide (CO2) levels

breathes in + the hair in the nasal cavity filters the large particles, the air is warmed and made moist by the mucus present. Also, the nasal cavity (contains receptors for smell) The air then moves into the pharynx, then the larynx, then the trachea which divides to form each of the bronchus, connected to the lungs

external intercostal muscles contract ribs move upward and outward lung volume increases = decrease air pressure in lungs diaphragm contracts and flattens and moves downward

external intercostal muscles relax ribs move downward and inward lung volume decreases = increase air pressure in lungs diaphragm relaxes

O2 diffuses down pressure gradient across respiratory membrane in the alveoli and into blood plasma and bound by haemoglobin

thin layer of tissue that covers the lungs and lines the interior wall of the chest cavity, it protects and cushions the lungs

amount of air that moves in or out of the lungs with each respiratory cycle. Normally around 400mL – 500mL

maximal volume of air that can be expired following maximum inspiration. Normally around 3 -5 litres

very thin separating air within the alveoli from the blood within pulmonary capillaries

inflammation of the lining of the bronchial tubes, which carry air to and from the lungs

chronic disease that causes the airways of the lungs to swell and narrow leading to breathing difficulties such as wheezing and shortness of breath (dyspnea)

lung condition usually caused by long-term exposure to irritants that damage the air sacs in the lungs leading to symptoms such as shortness of breath

infection caused by a variety of organisms (eg bacteria, fungi, viruses) that inflames the air sacs in one or both lungs

infectious disease that usually attacks the lungs. It is caused by a bacteria called Mycobacterium tuberculosis