Unit 1 Introduction to Physiology

anatomy is the study of body structures and physiology is the study of the functions of those structures

metabolism, responsiveness, movement, growth, differentiation, reproduction

the bod’s ability to maintain a stable internal environment

internal stimuli: blood pressure, pH external stimuli: temperature and pain - reached through feedback loops

a response that reverses the original stimulus example: blood pressure

a response that enhances the original stimulus example: childbirth

plasma membrane, nucleus, lysosomes, mitochondria, endoplasmic reticulum, cytoplasm

• flexible • sturdy • semipermeable • fluid model/sea of lipids

• cytosol: water and dissolved particles • organelles: listed above

• bilayer forms the membrane • head: polar, hydrophilic • fatty acid tails: non polar, hydrophobic

• dna, genes/chromosomes • RBC: NONE • Skeletal muscle: MANY • most cells: one

• power house of the cell • self replicating • cellular respiration and oxidation to produce ATP • many in skeletal muscle

• enzymes break down proteins, RNA/DNA and carbohydrates • irregular shape and not present in all cells • if membrane ruptures, cortisone stabilizes it

package, sort and process proteins - secretory cells - flattened sacs - modify proteins in the ER

transport center

• studded by ribosomes • protein synthesis

Glycogen and steroid synthesis and storage

against

self

pressure

inside

outside

glucose

above/increased