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In the equation pV=nRT what are the units
p - Pa V- m3 T - K +273 but not if using a difference in temp
cm3 to dm3
divide by 1000
dm3 to m3
divide by 1000
What is the name and bonding angles for a molecule with 2 regions of electron density
• Linear • 120
What is the name and bonding angles for a molecule with 3 regions of electron density
• Trigonal Planar • 109.5
What is the name and bonding angles for a molecule with 4 regions of electron density
• Tetrahedral • 109.5
What is the name and bonding angles for a molecule with 5 regions of electron density
• Trigonal Bipyramidal • 90 • 120
What is the name and bonding angles for a molecule with 6 regions of electron density
• Octahedral • 90
By how much is the bonding angle reduced for every lone pair
2.5
What is the Carbonate Test
• Add dilute nitric Acid • Positive Result - Bubbles of gas
What is the Sulphate Test
• Add Barium Nitrate • Positive Result - White Precipitate
What is the halide Test
• Add silver nitrate solution to a test tube • Positive result: * Cl- White Precipitate - soluble in d. NH3 * Br- Cream Precipitate - soluble in c. NH3 * I- Yellow Precipitate - insoluble in c. NH3
What is the order of the Anion tests
• Carbonate • Sulphates • Halide
What is the Ammonium Test
• Add aq NaOH • Positive result - Gas released turns moist litmus paper blue
How do you go from an Alkene to an alcohol
• H20 Steam • H3PO4 Catalyst
How do you go from an alkane to a haloalkane and what is the name of the mechanism
• Halogen • UV • Radical Substitution
How do you go from an Alkene to an Alkane and what is the name of the reaction
• H2 • Ni Catalyst • Hydrogenation
How do you go from an alkene to a haloalkane and what is the name of the mechanism
• Hydrogen Halide / Halogen • Electrophillic Addition
How do you go from an alcohol to an alkene
• Add c. H2SO4 or c. H3PO4 • Reflux
How do you go from a halolkane to an alcohol and what is the name of the mechanism
• NaOH (aq) • Reflux • Nucleophillic Substitution
How do you go from an alcohol to a haloalkane
• Sodium Halide • H2SO4 • Reflux
How do you go from a Primary alcohol to a Carboxyllic Acid
• Acidified Dichromate Ions • Reflux
How do you go from a Secondary Alcohol to a ketone
• Acidified Dichromate Ions • Reflux
How do you go from a Primary Alcohol to an aldehyde
• Acidified Dichromate Ions • Distill