Biodiversity 6-8

-Process of selective pressure from environment determining which organisms will thrive/reproduce & pass on genes -Over time populations will change to reflect successful traits & organisms will produce more offspring than killed -Variation helps increase chance of species survival in specific environment Ex: moths in great depression London

-Ability of organism live, grow, & reproduce effected by their adaptations, reproductive strategies, genetic diversity, environmental stability, & resource availability

-Ability/process of traits passing down from parent to offspring

-Variation that gives advantages towards passing on genes

-Decreases variation by selecting the most desirable traits from a population

-Mating organism w desired traits

-Came up with natural selection while discovering how worked on diverse small islands of the Galapagos

Directional- favours 1 extreme trait that population shifts towards (taller plants receive more sunlight) Stabilizing- favours average traits, reduces variation (human birth weights, too low or high may die) Disruptive- favours 2 extreme traits, opposites, while selecting against average (lizards small, hide, or large, compete)

Extinction- species no longer exists on out planet (saber-toothed tiger) Mass Extinction- rapid widespread event where large amount of species die out in a short period of time Extirpation- organism only disappears from a specific ecosystem or geographical region that it used to inhabit (earthworms in NA during ice age) Endangered- organism’s numbers have decreased so much that they are at risk for excitation

-Pattern of biodiversity being highest towards the equator & decreasing closer to the poles -Equator has stable climate, many food sources, & different shelter/habitats

-Species that reflects health/state of environment (changes in its population provide info about their habitat or is a signal of pollution/ecological changes) Ex: grizzly bears, top of the food chain (health reflects state of ecosystem), diverse diet & environment (biomagnification/accumulation)

• Trade of animal parts & exotic species • deforestation & habitat loss • climate change & pollution • introducing invasive species • overhunting & poaching

• Laws + International Treaties- illegal to poach or trade animal parts • Nature Reserves + National Parks- protect animals & their habitat • Zoos + Breeding Programs- animals protected & offspring increases • Seed Banks- plants/seeds protected under special conditions (more seeds harvisted)