Chapter 2 - Research Methods

manipulates one or more variables measures whether manipulation influences other variables tries to control outside factors that might influence outcome

Independent- the variable manipulated Dependent - The variable measured, and effected by independent variable

group not exposed to treatment- no independent variable

every participant experiences only one condition, and you compare group differences between participants in various conditions. It’s the opposite of a within-subjects design, where every participant experiences every condition

participants are exposed to all conditions

when the order of conditions is varied so no conditions has an advantage over others

how well an experiment tests what its meant to test

when two variables mix together and you cant tell which one effected the dependent variable

a substance with no pharmalogical effect

when an experimenter subtly, unintentionally influences participant which causes them to act in a consistent manner to the hypothesis

when the participant and experimenter are blind to which experimental conditions the participant is in - helps combat the experimenter expectancy effect

degree to which an experiment supports clear, true conclusions

the degree to which results can be generalized

combining results of two experiments on the same topic to test the significance of findings

• identify a question • gather info to form a hypothesis • test by conducting research • analyze data and report findings • build on it - conduct more research, challenge findings, make theories

tentative statement about a relation between two events

defines a variable in terms of specific procedures used to produces or measure it - translate abstract into something measurable

responding in a socially acceptable way

in a survey research, the equal representation of the populations important traits

measure x, measure y, determine relationship between them

The cause must occur before the effect. Whenever the cause occurs, the effect must also occur. There must not be another factor that can explain the relationship between the cause and effect

when there is no way of telling what variable influenced what variable

results may be caused by a third variable

a positive correlation means when one score goes up so does the other, and a negative one means when one score goes up the other goes down