B5

A disease that is caused by a pathogen which CAN be transmitted from person to person

Measles, malaria, HIV/AIDS, Salmonella

A microorganism that causes disease

bacteria, viruses, fungi, and protists

A disease that is caused by a pathogen which CANNOT be transmitted from person to person

Asthma, cancer, coronary heart disease, diabetes

Diet, stress, gender, ethnicity etc.

• Single-celled living organisms, smaller than animals and plant cells • Split in two and produce toxins (poisons) which affect your body • Some are harmless and really useful to use, we can use them to make food like yoghurt and cheese

• Very, very small and have a regular shape • Take over the cells of your body to reproduce, causing damage and destroying cells • Can cause disease in a range of organisms, from people to bacteria

• Can reproduce rapidly once inside the body • Cause symptoms like high temperature, headaches and rashes

• Through the air: droplets in the air (sneezes). • Contaminated foods and drinks • Direct contact: shaking hands, kissing, touching open wounds

• Tears contain chemicals to destroy micro-organisms (chemical barrier) • Skin secretes chemicals to kill any surface micro-organisms (physical barrier) • Stomach contains acid to destroy ingested pathogens (chemical barrier)

• Ingest the pathogen (phagocytosis) • Produce antibodies • Produce antitoxins

Good personal hygiene, Separating raw meat, use disinfectant

Any living organism that can carry a disease-producing virus

mosquito

• Dead or weakened form of a pathogen is injected into the body • The immune system recognises the antigen of the pathogen and releases antibodies to fight it. It also remembers the antibody used to destroy the pathogen so it is prepared if the original form enters the body • Vaccines protect a large number of people creating herd immunity against an infection in an area

measles, mumps, rubella

• Helped to control many common communicable diseases • Epidemics can be prevented if a large percentage of a population is vaccinated

• They are not always effective in providing immunity. • Bad reactions (such as fevers) can occur in response to vaccines (although very rare).

protist

Asthma, cancer, coronary heart disease, diabetes

Something that increases your chance of getting a disease.

The number of people diagnosed with a particular disease in a particular population of people at a particular time.