Lucy Scientific Method
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What is the Scientific Method?
A process that scientists use to explore, investigate, and understand the world.
What is a phenomenon?
A fact or event that can be observed.
What are the two types of observations?
• Directly observed • Indirectly observed
What is a directly observed phenomenon?
A phenomenon observed using human senses.
Give an example of a directly observed phenomenon.
Seeing rain or hearing thunder.
What is an indirectly observed phenomenon?
A phenomenon observed using tools and technologies.
Give an example of an indirectly observed phenomenon.
Using microscopes to see cells or telescopes to see planets.
What are natural phenomena?
Phenomena that occur without human input.
Give an example of a natural phenomenon.
Lightning or volcanoes.
What is bias in science?
Personal thoughts, feelings, or expectations that may influence an investigation.
How can bias affect scientific results?
It can make results less reliable.
How do scientists try to limit bias?
• Following fair procedures • Using accurate tools • Relying on evidence, not opinions
What is a variable in experiments?
A condition or factor that can change in an investigation.
What is a manipulated (independent) variable?
The one thing the scientist changes.
What is a responding (dependent) variable?
The thing that changes because of the manipulated variable.
What are controlled variables?
The things that stay the same to make the test fair.
What is a controlled experiment?
An experiment where only one variable is changed, and everything else stays the same.
What does a controlled experiment help scientists find?
Cause-and-effect relationships.
In the question ‘Does sunlight affect plant growth?’, what is the manipulated variable?
Amount of sunlight.
In the question ‘Does sunlight affect plant growth?’, what is the responding variable?
Plant growth.
What are controlled variables in an experiment?
Factors that remain constant, such as type of plant, soil, and water.
What is data in the context of scientific investigation?
Information collected during an investigation.
What is evidence in scientific terms?
Data used to support conclusions.
What are characteristics of good evidence?
• Clear and accurate • Includes all relevant data • Uses correct vocabulary • Free from bias