Chronic Adaptations Part 2
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What does VO2 max measure?
The peak volume of oxygen that someone’s body can take in, transport and utilise
What happens to a trained athletes breathing when exercising?
They take fewer breaths per minute, even though more oxygen is being delivered to the blood
Why are trained athletes able to take fewer breaths per minute?
They have a higher tidal volume due to chronic adaptations, therefore the amount of oxygen inhaled per breath is greater
What is the average tidal volume of an untrained person?
470 ml
What is the average tidal volume of a trained marathon runner?
695 ml
What is the resting respiration rate of an untrained person?
15 BPM
What is the resting respiration rate of a trained marathon runner?
9 BPM
Why should marathon runners include anaerobic training in their programs?
Because it allows for better running economy
What does muscular hypertrophy involve?
An enlargement of mostly type 2 or fast-twitch muscle fibres
What does the PC in ATP-PC stand for?
Phosphocreatine
How does the ATP-PC energy system provide energy for muscle contraction?
Firstly breaking down ATP to form ADP molecules and a single phosphate
What is an increase in enzymes associated with?
Muscular hypertrophy
What is the comparison between the anaerobic glycolysis and ATP-PC systems?
The anaerobic system produces less power, but over a longer period of time
What does regular anaerobic training result in and improve?
Muscles storing more glycogen and breaking down glucose, improving the body’s neuromuscular functioning
What occurs as a result of regular aerobic exercise?
Slow-twitch muscle fibres are able to produce more muscle energy more efficiently
Why are slow-twitch muscle fibres able to produce energy more efficiently?
Mitochondria in the cells increase in number and become larger in size
What happens when an athlete goes beyond their LIP?
Lactate is produced in the muscles faster than it is removed, and there is a build-up
What does the body rely on more when it goes beyond LIP?
The anaerobic glycolysis system, because there id not enough oxygen in the blood to prevent lactate build-up
What is a chronic adaptation to aerobic exercise which improves LIP?
More ATP is produced, and an athlete’s LIP increases, so that they can work at higher rates for longer without experiencing fatigue