4.1.2- Transmission Of Pathogens
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What are the two types of transmission of a pathogen?
Direct and indirect transmission.
Define direct transmission.
Passing a pathogen from a just to a new host, without the use of an intermediate.
Define indirect transmission.
Passing a pathogen from a host to a new host, with the use of a vector.
What is a vector?
An organism that carries a pathogen from one host to another.
Define ‘transmission’ in terms of pathogens.
Passing a pathogen from an infected individual to an uninflected individual.
List six social factors that can affect pathogenic transmission.
• poor ventilation • poor health • poor diet • homelessness • overcrowding • being around migrants from where disease is more common
What are the four ways a pathogen can be transmitted?
Droplet infection Direct physical contact Transmission by spores Faecal- oral transmission
Give some examples of how a pathogen can be transmitted via direct physical contact.
Touching a person who is infected or touching a contaminated surface that has the pathogens- eg; HIV/ Ringworm
Explain how faecal- oral transmission of a pathogen could happen.
Usually by eating food or drinking water with the contaminated pathogen- eg; cholera/ food poisoning
Explain how a pathogen can be transmitted by droplet infection.
Pathogen is carried by water grope led in the air- eg; TB/ influenza
Explain how a pathogen can be transmitted via a spore.
Spores are the resistant stage of the pathogen- they can be castles in the air or reside on soil surfaces- eg; anthrax/ tetanus.
Explain an example of a vector.
Mosquitoes are the vectors of the Malaria protoctist parasite ‘Plasmodium’.
Explain how a plant pathogen can be indirectly transmitted.
Occurs as a result of an insect attack- bacteria spores get attacked to the insect and when it attacks another plant, the pathogen is transmitted to it.
What are the two ways plant pathogens can be directly transmitted?
• pathogens from the soil enter the roots * fungi produce spores and they can be carried in the wind- airborne transmission
In _________ and __________ conditions, pathogens grow and reproduce faster.
Warmer and moist.
Explain how the climate can affect a pahoehoe.
The Warmer and more moist a climate, the faster the pathogens reproduce and Grow.
In a warmer climate, you are more likely to…
Get infected by a pathogen.
How many steps are involved in the life cycle of a pathogen?
• Transmission of the pathogen from one host to another • Entering host tissues • pathogen reproduces • leaves the hosts tissues