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Reaction Mechanisms - Substitution of Alkanes - Arrow Formalism

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Total cards: 7•Content version: v4•Public deck•Updated: 8/1/2026

Card preview (7)

#1
Front (Question)

What is the substitution reaction of alkanes?

Back (Answer)

Halogenation of alkanes A chlorination reaction

#2
Front (Question)

What are the three steps to a free-radical chain reaction?

Back (Answer)

Chain initiation step Chain propagation step Chain termination step

#3
Front (Question)

Describe the chain initiation step 2

Back (Answer)

There’s a Cl2 molecule The Cl-Cl bond breaks in the presence of light or heat This forms two chlorine free radicals Each atom retains one of the two electrons shared in the bond (homolytic fission)

#4
Front (Question)

Describe the first chain propagation step 2

Back (Answer)

A chlorine atom then attacks a methane molecule (any alkane) This forms a methyl free radical

#5
Front (Question)

Describe the second chain propagation step. 3

Back (Answer)

The methyl free radical attacks a chlorine molecule This forms chloromethane and a Cl atom The Cl atom can now attack a methane like in step 2 to set up a chain reaction

#6
Front (Question)

Describe the termination step.

Back (Answer)

There is three ways that the chain reaction can come to an end, all involve the free radicals or atoms combining with each other to form molecules

#7
Front (Question)

What three molecules can bring about the termination of a chain reaction?

Back (Answer)

Chlorine (Chlorine) Chloromethane (CH3Cl) Ethane (C2H6)