Chemistry - Atomic Structure and the Periodic Table
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Where are protons and neutrons found in an atom?
The nucleus
Where are electrons found in an atom?
Electron Shells
What is the the charge and mass of a proton?
Mass = 1, Charge = +1 (plus 1)
What is the the charge and mass of a neutron?
Mass = 1, Charge = 0
What is the the charge and mass of an electron?
Mass = negligible, Charge = -1 (minus 1)
What does the atomic number tell us about an atom?
The number of PROTONS
What does the mass number tell us about an atom?
The number of protons PLUS neutrons
How do we know how many electrons are in an atom?
Always the same number as the number of protons
Define an isotope
Atoms of an element with the same number of protons but different number of neutrons
Why is the relative atomic mass of an element not always a whole number?
Because it is an average taken from the mass and abundance of the elements isotopes
Who first devised the periodic table
Dmitri Mendeleev
How was the first periodic table organised? (2)
1) Elements in groups according to their chemical properties 2) Ordering by increasing atomic mass
Why were there gaps in the first periodic table?
For elements Mendeleev predicted hadn’t been discovered yet
How are elements arranged in the modern periodic table?
By INCREASING the atomic number
What are the COLUMNS in the periodic table called?
GROUPS
What are the ROWS in the periodic table called?
PERIODS
On what side of the periodic table are the non metals found?
Non metals are on the right side
On what side of the periodic table are the metals found?
Metals are on the left side
What is meant by electronic configuration
The way in which the electrons are organised in the electron shell of an atom
Which electron shell fills first?
The first electron shell must completely fill before the second electron shell can start to fill.
How many electrons are allowed in each of the electron shells of an atom
1st shell = 2 electrons 2nd shell = 8 electrons 3rd shell = 8 electrons
How many electron shells are there in an atom
3 shells
An atom of oxygen has an atomic number of 8, how would you draw the electron configuration
Check CC3-4
An atom of sodium has an atomic number of 11, how would you write the electron configuration>
2.8.1