W5 - Nutrition - Adolescents & Older Adult
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List some body changes that happen during adolescence
Rapid growth ⬆️ metabolic rate Skin acne Menstruation == Can ⬆️ risk of deficiencies
Growth spur in Females
11-15yrs ~8.3kg/year 16-27% ⬆️ body fat
Growth spur in Males
13-16yrs ~23.7kg 12% ⬇️ body fat
Why are female adolescents at risk from iron deficiency
Due to losses through menstruation
Why are male adolescents at risk from iron deficiency
⬆️ demand to grow lean body mass
How can an adolescent increase their iron intake?
⬆️ intake of lean red meat, liver, poultry + fish = haem iron Beans, veg + iron-fortified cereals = non-haem iron
Besides iron, which other nutrients are important for adolescents
Calcium + phosphorus
Why is calcium + phosphorus especially important during adolescence
~45% of adult skeleton is being formed Calcium for this growth must be derived from diet.
What happens to Vitamin D needs as you age?
Needs increase
What is adulthood characterised by?
Body maintenance Gradual physical + physiological transitions.
Factors Affecting Rate of Ageing
Heredity Lifestyle Env
Calories (adulthood –> elderly)
Decline in basal metabolism means lower req of calories as adult age ⬆️.
Protein (adulthood –> elderly)
Must be careful w/ amount of intake as we age due to proteins waste products needing to be removed by the kidneys. = Excessive protein intake may accelerate kidney function decline.
Fat (adulthood –> elderly)
Good idea to ⬇️ total fat intake due to ⬆️ risk of obesity, heart diseases + certain cancers.
CHO (adulthood –> elderly)
Recommended to shift CHO composition to emphasise complex CHO more than simple.
What does a diet richer in complex CHO make it easier for?
To meet nutrient needs + remain w/in calorie bounds. Also easier for body to control blood glucose levels - a function that becomes less efficient as body fatness + inactivity ⬆️ w/ age.
Fibre (adulthood –> elderly)
Diet rich in fibre helps adults ⬇️ risk of colon cancer, heart disease. Also lowers their blood cholesterol + avoid constipation.
What can LOW fluid intakes in older adults be caused by?
Fading sensitivity to thirst sensations Chronic diseases Conscious reductions in fluid intake to ⬇️ freq of urination.
Why might elderly especially have an incr fluid output?
Due to medication i.e diuretics + laxatives
What can dehydration cause in elderly
Disorientation Mental confusion Constipation Impacted fecal matter Death
Give an example of how iron deficiency can be caused in the elderly
Use of medicine i.e aspirin
Iron (adulthood –> elderly) Impaired absorption
Due to age-related declines in stomach acid prod may contribute to their iron deficiency.
Zinc (adulthood –> elderly) Why does absorption decline with age?
Due to ⬇️ in stomach acid prod
What may poor zinc status contribute to? (adulthood –> elderly)
Loss of taste Mental lethargy Delayed wound healing