C1 - Fundamental Ideas
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Name what all substances are made up of
Atoms
Name the place where all the existing elements can be found
Periodic Table
What does Na represent in the periodic table
Sodium
What do “groups” in the periodic table contain?
Elements with similar chemical properties.
Why does the periodic table have symbols?
So scientists worldwide can understand which element is which.
What is a molecule?
More than one atom chemically bonded.
What is a compound?
A molecule with more than one type of element chemically bonded.
What can be found at the centre of an atom?
The nucleus
What does an atomic nucleus generally contain?
Protons and Neutrons
What sub-atomic particle “orbits” the nucleus?
Electrons
Protons have what relative charge?
+1 (positive)
Neutrons have what relative charge?
0 (neutral)
Electrons have what relative charge?
-1 (negative)
What relative charge does an atom have? Why?
An atom has no charge because an atom has an equal quantity of protons and electrons so the charges cancel out.
What does the atomic number represent?
The number of protons in an atom’s nucleus.
What does the mass number represent?
The number of protons and neutrons in an atom’s nucleus.
number of neutrons =
mass number - atomic number
How are elements arranged in the periodic table?
In order of their atomic number.
How are electrons arranged around the nucleus?
In electron shells.
Which shell represents the lowest energy level in an atom?
The shell nearest to the nucleus.
How many electrons can the first energy level hold?
2 electrons
How many electrons can the second shell hold?
8 electrons
What is the maximum electronic structure?
[2,8,8,2]
What is the electronic structure of Na?
[2,8,1]