Upcoming Main Chem Test
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What are the smallest building blocks that make up everything
Atoms
What are the three subatomic particles of an atom?
Proton, Neutrons, Electrons
What are the very outmost electrons of an atom called?
Valence Electrons
What is the max amount of electrons on the first shell of an atom according to the Bohr model
2 electrons
What is the atomic number of an atom?
The atomic number of an atom is the number of protons in its nucleus, defining its elemental identity
Define an atom’s Mass number
The mass number of an atom is the total number of protons and neutrons in its nucleus.
What is the difference between an element and compound?
An element = substance made of only one type of atom, compound = a substance made of atoms of two or more different elements chemically bonded together.
What is an ion?
an atom or molecule that has gained or lost one or more electrons, resulting in a positive or negative electrical charge.
What is a cation?
A cation is a positively charged ion that has lost one or more electrons compared to its neutral state.
what is an anion?
a negatively charged ion that has gained one or more electrons compared to its neutral state.
Are metals or non-metals more likely to become anions?
Non-Metals
Are metals or non-metals more likely to become cations?
Metals
What is an ionic compound?
An ionic compound is a substance composed of positively charged ions and negatively charged ions, held together by electrostatic forces.
Do Metals lose valence electrons to non-metals?
Yes
How is an ion formed?
by the loss or gain of electrons in an atom (Collision between metals and non-metals
In a periodic table, what are the two main organisation traits of it?
Periods and Groups
In a periodic table, what are periods?
Periods go vertically and show the amount of electrons shells are in an atom
In a periodic table, what are groups?
Groups go horizontally and show the number of valence electrons in an atom
When writing an ionic compound, what comes first? The cation or anion?
Cation is typically written first. E.g: Sodium (cation) –> Chloride (anion)
What is the chemical formula for phosphate?
PO4 with a negative charge of -3
What is the chemical formula for Sulfate?
SO2 with a negative charge of -4
What is the chemical formula for Hydroxide?
OH with a negative charge of -1
What is the chemical formula for Nitrate?
NO3 with a negative charge of -1
What is the chemical formula for oxide?
O with negative charge of -2