Week 3- CORPT, Soil Types

Climate, organisms, relief, parent material, time

Plant growth (type/quantity), biological activity(decomposition/mineralization), evaporation,physical reaction (freeze/thaw)

Dissolved materials,plant growth,biological activity, translocation, transformation,erosion

Aka topography or slope caused by erosion. Slope is the main determining factor though it also includes color, temp, profile thickness, wetness, chemistry, and horizon expression

It is transported material,bedrock or residual material, and organic material

Residual develops in place from weathering of underlying rock

Carried by gravity

Carried by water (floodplains, deltas,etc)

Wind transported material

It exposes rock by weathering and makes new soil over time

A systematic hierarchy of soil classification

6

Dark swelling and cracking clays. It is developed from disintegrated parent material and limestone. Found mainly in sub humid and semi arid areas

Soil with permafrost. Pedoturbation due to formation of ice crystals

It is greater than 50% of the top 80cm of the soil, is organic and it must have 12% organic carbon or 20% organic matter

It occurs in arid regions, ochric epipedon with any several subsoil horizons. Always in dry climate regions. Lots of calcium and not much O horizon

Spodic horizon often has an albic(white)-usually in cold humid climates. May form in rainfall, warm climates under acid vegetation, form mostly in coarse textured acid materials

Ochric epipedon and argillic horizon and may have an albic horizon. base saturation <35% in the argillic. Oldest type of soil order and is red clay soils. In productive forests

Ochric epipedon, argillic horizon and may have an albic horizon which is most acidic. Base saturation >35% in the argillic. Subsurface zone of accumulation,(argillic can also be kandic or natric)

Mollic epipedon. Most common in subhumid to semi arid climates. High base parent material, usually formed under grass, amongst most productive soils

Highly weathered soil,only Iron, aluminum, oxides, hydroxide minerals remain. Tropical soils and no clearly defined horizons. Clay content often high

Beginning le inception of soil profile development, minimal soil development, young soil but more developed than entisol, more important in Asia

• Formed in volcanic materials • low bulk density • abundant in non-crustallme materials • white pumice volcanic material and crystals often found

weakly developed mineral soils • no significant soil development • Young soil parent material have not reacted to soil forming factors • soil productivity = high to low