Suspensios And Topical Formulations
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What is the largest organ ?
The skin
What are three main layers in the skin?
Hypodermis Dermis Epidermis
Describe the hypodermis?
It’s the subcutaneous fat which is the deepest fatty layer
Describe the dermis?
Contains blood vessels and nerves, sweat glands and hair follicles
Describe the epidermis?
Is the outermost layer and includes the stratum corneum which is a barrier made out of more than 20 layers of dead keratinised cells
What is important about hair follicles and sweat ducts ?
They serve us pathways through the skin
Give me example of semi solids for the skin?
Ointment Cream Gels Pastes
What is the local use of semi solids for the skin?
Treating inflammation, pain and itching Skin protection and lubrication Acting as emollients
How are semi solids for the skin delivered?
These drugs are delivered locally or systematically
Describe ointments?
They are greasy, anhydrous as they use a oily base
What is used to wash off ointment?
May include surfactant to help with washing off if needed
What are ointment used as?
Emollients to soften and protect the skin Local drug delivery Systematic drug delivery via the skin Application to the eyes Highly occlusive, which makes them effective for treating dry eyes
Why am emollients used?
To soften and protect the skin
What does highly occlusive mean?
They trap moisture so prevent water from the skin being evaporated, which is good for dry conditions
What are creams a type of?
Semi solid emulsions Can be oil in water or water in oil
What effect do creams have?
Cooling sensation on the skin
What is the appearance of creams?
Less greasy so patients like them more
What is the occultation of creams?
Less occlusive so better for moist or weeping screen
What is the water content in cream?
They all contain water so you need preservatives to prevent microbes
What are creams mainly used as?
Emollients ( moisturisers) Local drug delivery
Give me example of oil in water cream ?
Aqueous creams
Describe oil in water creams?
Less greasy Cooling Need preservatives
Give me an example of a water in oil cream?
Oil creams
Describe water in oil creams?
Greasy More occlusive Provide a more strong skin barrier