nutrition and energy

50% of body’s daily energy needs with less than5% from sugars

essential part of structure of all cells deposited as long term energy storage(under skin and around heart and kidneys) under skin=insulation around organs=protect from mechanical damage

less than 35% of body’s daily energy needs

0.75g per kg bodyweight per day for healthy adults

lack of protein

calcium: making teeth and bones phosphorus: making teeth and bones, part of many chemicals ex DNA Na: in body fluids ex blood Cl :in body fluids ex blood Mg: making bones, found inside cells iron: part of Hb in RBCs, helps carry O2

A:making a chemical in retina and protects eye surface deficiency: night blindness B1:helps with cell respiration deficiency: beri-beri B2:helps with cell respiration deficiency: poor growth and dry skin B3:helps with cell respiration deficiency: pellagra(dry red skin, poor growth and digestive disorders) C:sticks together cell lining surfaces such as the mouth deficiency: scurvy D:helps bones absorb calcium and phosphate

mass of food sample is found measured vol of 20cm3 water is placed in a boiling tube tube is supported by stand and clamp temperature of water is recorded food is speared on end of mounted needle and held on to a bunsen burner flame until it catches fire needle is used to hold burning food under boiling tube of water this is continued,relighting if the flame goes out until the food can no longer burn thermometer is used to stir gently so heat is evenly distributed and final temp is recorded energy in joules per gram= (final temp-initial temp)x20gx4.2/mass of food(g)

dentition

incisors: biting canines: biting and tearing molars and pre molars: chewing and crushing

enamel

bacteria breakdown by anaerobic respiration sugar forming acids which dissolve tooth enamel acid breaks down dentine underneath and a cavity is formed in the tooth

gums become inflamed and sensitive that they bleed when teeth are brushed can lead to loss of teeth

mass in kg/(height in m)(squared)