6.2.2 - Amino acids, Amines and Chirality
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What are the two functional groups of amino acids?
NH2 and COOH (Amine and Carboxylic acid)
Are a-amino acids chiral? Why?
Yes One carbon has 4 different substituents Except glycine, where R=H
Define a zwitterion
Ions which have both a permanent positive and negative charger, but are neutral overall
How do zwitterions occur in amino acids?
COOH is deprotonated COO- NH2 is protonated NH3+
What happens to amino acids in acidic conditions?
Gains a proton on NH2 group
What happens to amino acids in alkaline conditions?
Loses a proton from COOH group forms COO-
What is the peptide linkage?
-CONH-
What are the structures of primary and secondary amides?
Primary amide = 1 carbon Secondary amide = 2 carbons
What property must a carbo atom have for the molecule to display optical isomerism about that carbon atom?
4 different substituents attached to one carbon atom
What are the similarities and differences between two optical isomers?
Same atoms and bonds, but they are non-superimposable mirror images of one another. NOT IDENTICAL in chemical properties necessarily Differ in the way they rotate plan polarised light - rotate plan of polarisation by the same angle but in different directions
What word is used to describe optically active molecules?
Chiral
Give two examples of chiral molecules
All alpha amino acids, except glycine Lactic acid / 2-hydroxypropanoic acid