Biochem sem1
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What does the: atomic number atomic mass Represent
Number: protons Mass: protons and neutrons
what is the most common chemical formula for a monosaccharide?
(CH2o)n n=3,5,6
What is the name of: 1 sacharide 2 sacharides 3-10 sacharides 10+ sacharides
1 = monosaccharide 2 = disaccharide 3 = ogliosaccharide 10+ = polysaccharide
How do multiple saccharides bond?
Through condensation reaction glycosidic bond (type of ether bond)
what makes up sucrose lactose maltose
sucrose = glucose + fructose lactose = glucose + galactose maltose = 2 alpha glucose
What is Van Der Waals?
cloud of - charge around atom, can congregate in one section to attract other atoms
What are 5 roles of lipids?
• cell membranes • protection/insulation • neurone myelination • hormone production • absorb fat soluble vitamins
what are the 3 classifications of lipids?
• triglycerides • phospholipids • sterols
Describe triglycerides?
TRIGLYCERIDES: - glycerol backbone 3FA condensation reaction, sat (c-c) bonds or unsat (at least 1 c=c) - double bond can be cis or trans
Describe phospholipids?
arranged in bilayers hydrophilic tails hydrophobic head
Describe sterols?
• cyclic organic compound • found in most eukaryotic cells • e.g: cholesterol
what are proteinogenic amino acids? What do they consist of?
• only 20 genetically coded amino acids in DNA • amine group, carboxyl group, hydrogen atom, organic side chain (R group)
How and what is a protein formed of?
Peptide chains = amino acids joined by condensation reaction, peptide bond between carboxyl and amine groups
What is the primary structure?
amino acid sequence from N- terminus to C- terminus?
what is the secondary structure?
alpha helix = - c=o forms H bond with amine hydrogen between carboxyl and amine group - turns right handed beta sheet = - parallel or antiparallel structure - zig zag peptide chain - backbone forms H bonds between segments
what is the tertiary and quaternary structure?
Tertiary = - a helix or b sheet folds itself, 3D, intermolecular forces change shape Quaternary = - multiple subunits - intermolecular forces change behaviour
What is avogadros constant?
6.02 X 10^23
how do you calculate molarity?
mass of substance (g) molecular| number of weight | moles
what is a heterocyle?
ring that has another element in it
what are 3 regular classes of functional groups? (draw them ideally)
hydroxyl amine carbonyl
what are the 2 laws of thermodynamics?
1 = energy cant be created or destroyed only interconverted between forms 2 = total entropy of a system always increases
what is entropy and enthalpy?
entropy = level of disorder enthalpy = energy
what is the definition of Gibbs free energy?
the amount of available energy to do work
what is the equation for Gibbs free energy?
△G = △H-T △S G= Gibbs free energy H = enthalpy T= temperature S= entropy