Health and Disease

noninfectious, infectious, and parasitic

mechanical: wounds (route for pathogen invasion) digestive: bloat, acidosis in rumen toxins: chemicals (lead, nitrates), plants (hemlock, nightshade) nutritional: vitamin, mineral issues abnormal growth: cancer

virus: may pass directly or via vector bacteria: microscopic, single celled, causes damage via production of toxins protozoa: single celled, microscopic cells, larger than bacteria fungi: single or multiple celled low order plants

ectoparasites: external parasites, often vectors for many diseases fleas, flies, lice, mites, mosquitoes, ticks endoparasites: internal parasites, worms ascarids/large roundworms, bots, heartworms, strongyles, tapeworms

changes in body organs; included size, color, or shape of an organ including tumors and abscesses

the study of the essential nature of disease

the cause of disease or the study of cause of disease

the pathogen must be able to gain entrance into the body once there, it must be able to adapt to the host environment and multiply at some point, it must be able to exit the host and infect another host

to identify the cause of the clinical signs that an animal is exhibiting so a treatment can be devised in a herd situation, early diagnosis may prevent or limit the transmission

the bodies ability to prevent sickness levels of protection are provided by: the skin, mucous membranes, lining of GI tract, antibody production antibodies are protein molecules that are able to recognize harmful organisms and prevent them from harming the body

passed from mother to offspring during gestation or from colostrum (first milk: super high in proteins, super high in antibodies) short term immunity (protection) and protection from the organisms dam was exposed to

animal’s own immune system when antibodies are produced by the animal from exposure to an organism or vaccination

the key to keeping animals healthy

consult specialists stay current on new management systems curved shoot- Temple Grandin

balanced rations-specie specific proper body condition score (BCS) fresh, clean water (no contaminants) reduce metabolic problems -milk fever (calcium from body to lactate, loss in the body), urinary calcuil (like kidney stones), ketosis (not enough nutrient reserves, breaking down body tissue) -grass tetanty (magnesium problems) , aflotoxins, nitrate poisoning -colic, founder

eliminate animals with problems sheep and goats: scrapie (neurologic disease like CWD and mad cow), spider lamb syndrome) cattle: curly calf syndrome (in angus cattle) pigs: PSS (porcine stress syndrome) horses: hyperkalemic periodic paralysis disease (HyPP)

traceability of animal for good record keeping -ear tag -microchip -tattoo