Why study streams

• They provide water and deposit fertile soil for agriculture • They’re pathways for commerce and trade • They erode, flood, and sculpt the landscape

Moves water into the atmosphere and precipitation brings it back to earth

Is the area that drains into a stream.

Are ridges that serrate basins

The Mississippi basin

Is the amount of water that flows through a channel

• Loosened particles from weathering are picked up in surface runoff and transported to the stream channel • Mass movement events may move loose material downslope into the stream channel • The stream itself may also erode the banks of its channel

Bedload and suspended load

Is large grains that cannot be picked up, but still are able to be moved. They roll, bounce, and slide along the bottom - When a stream is at bankfull, all sizes of particles move due to increased stress

Small sediment grains that mix with the flowing water are transported above the bed, rarely touch the bottom, and came make the water cloudy/muddy

The hidden load. Ions in solution form chemical weathering are also carried by water in streams

Is where the channel is in water transported sediment. It has a different energy structure than a bedrock stream which is cut into solid rock

Force, not velocity is exerted on a particle to move it.

Shear stress increases with increasing water depth and increased slope. Both cases require shear force to overcome the resisting forces of friction and cohesion

Yes, small particles of silt and clay actually have large cohesive forces for their size that keeps them in place

Is the result of shear stress and velocity .

Lose power to move sediment when it switches form erosion to deposition

Deposition

Deposition

Deposition because without water, there is no shear stress or any velocity

Increases shear stress, which increases stream power which results in Erosion

Decreases shear stress, which decreases stream power which results in deposition

Increases shear stress, which increases stream power which results in erosion

Decreases shear stress, which decreases stream power which results in deposition