Cell communication
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what is intra vs inter cell comm
intra is internal inter is between 2 diff cells
What is endo memb syst
Series of memb, organelles, vesicles, that take the nucl info and turns it into protein proteins made in rough ER move to Golgi apparatus
what is secretory pathway hypothesis and simple steps (5)
predicts the route the proteins take 1. signal hypothesis - if protein has special postal code, ribo goes to ER, binds to signal recognition protein that binds to receptor 2/3.go to Golgi from Er - enters from cis, leaves from trans side, enzymes add carb chains 4/5. shipped from golgi -carb chains act as new postal code for after
What are pathways after golgi app
to nucl - if it has nuclear localization signal, goes through nuclear pore to outer memb of cell and become memb prot can leave cell completely
What are the types of inter cell comm (6)
autocrine - acts on same cell paracrine- to adjacent cells endocrine - signals through blood/fluids neural - by neurons neuroendocrine - by neurons but go through blood/fluid to other cells pheromones - to diff indiv(not very important rn)
what are 2 types of connection betwen cells
tight junctions - make watertight seals, memb to memb desmosomes - proteins that link cytoskeltons, like rivets
what allows adjacent cells to comm
cell-cell gaps direct connection plasmodemata- in plants, can connect organelles from diff cells gap junctions in animals, made by memb proteins
How do distant cells comm
hormones - endocrine neurotransmission - neural
how do cells get signals/ where are signal receptor proteins
has receptor proteins - signal receptors change shape after binding to signal molec most in plasma memb except steroid hormone receptors are in cell
What is signal transuction pathway
used by hydrophyllic horm that can’t cross memb turns external hormone into new intracell signal uses G - Proteins G-prot triggers intercell second messenger second messenger triggers activation inside cell 1. sig received 2. sig transduced 3. sig amplified 4. cell responds
What are G proteins (location, energy sources, effect)
proteins memb located INSIDE OF CELL activated when binding to GTP turns GTP into GDP activates enz that catalyze production of Second messengers
How do G prot work
• binds GDP and receptor on inside, waiting • sign recept changes shape with ligand, G prot binds GTP and splits • G prot binds to enz which makes catalyzes production of second messenger
what is end result of cells responding to hormonal signalling
integrated whole-organism response to changing conditions both inside and outside the organism.