Chemical Changes: Extracting Metals
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How are most metals found in the earth? Why is this?
• metals are using found as compounds • lots of common metals react with oxygen to form their oxides • this is because metals tend to be fairly reactive
What is an ore?
A rock that contains enough metal within it to make extraction of the metal worthwhile.
What is a native metal? How are these extracted?
A metal that is found naturally in the earth’s crust and is not bonded to any other element. These can just be extracted by mining.
What are some examples of native metals?
gold, silver
How can metals less reactive than carbon be extracted?
By reduction with carbon. This where carbon is used to displace the metal and bond to oxygen in its place.
What elements can be extracted by reduction with carbon?
zinc, iron, tin, lead, copper
What elements are more reactive than carbon? What method do they have to be extracted with?
• potassium, sodium, calcium, magnesium, aluminium • electrolysis
Why can tungsten not be extracted using carbon? What is used instead?
• if carbon is used to extract tungsten from tungsten oxide then tungsten carbide is produced • this is explosive • hydrogen is used to reduce tungsten instead