Origin of the Solar System and Its Theory Models
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A collection of eight planets and their moons orbiting the Sun, along with asteroids, comets, and meteoroids.
Solar System
Where is our Solar System located?
About 27,000 light-years from the Galactic Center, in the Orion Arm of the Milky Way Galaxy.
The farther a galaxy is from Earth, the faster it moves away from us (evidence of expansion of the universe).
Hubble’s Law
The universe began as a hot, dense singularity about 13.8 billion years ago and expanded outward.
Big Bang Theory
The old belief that Earth is the center of the universe.
Geocentric Model
A rotating cloud of gas and dust (nebula) collapsed, flattened into a disk, and formed the Sun and planets.
Solar Nebula Theory
The Sun and planets formed together from a turbulent cloud; planets grew by collisions and coalescence.
Protoplanet Theory
The Sun formed first and later captured material from a passing protostar to form planets.
Capture Theory
A rotating nebula cooled and formed concentric rings that condensed into planets.
Modern Laplacian Theory
What do all four theories have in common?
• Began from gas and dust • Relied on gravity • Formed a central Sun • Produced inner rocky and outer gaseous planets
What triggered the formation of the Solar System?
A shockwave from a nearby supernova compressed a gas cloud.
What caused the nebula to collapse?
Gravity
Why did the collapsing cloud spin faster?
Conservation of Angular Momentum
A flattened spinning disk of gas and dust formed during collapse.
accretion disk
A dense, hot center of the disk that eventually ignites nuclear fusion and becomes the Sun.
protostar
Small solid objects formed from dust particles colliding and sticking together.
planetesimals
How did terrestrial (rocky) planets form?
From rocky planetesimals in the hot inner solar system.
How did Jovian (gas giant) planets form?
From rapid accumulation of gas and ice in the cold outer solar system.
Heavier materials sink to the core while lighter materials rise to the surface.
differentiation
Strong solar winds blew away leftover gas and dust.
solar wind clearing
How do moons form?
Through capture or collision processes.
The Moon formed when Earth collided with a Mars-sized body called Theia.
Giant Impact Theory
The stage when planets and moons settle into stable orbits.
stabilization
A region beyond Neptune containing icy objects, dwarf planets, and comets.
Kuiper Belt