✅15 - Transition Metals
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Where are transition metals found in the periodic table?
D block
What are transition metals?
D block elements that can form one or more stable ions with incompletely filled d-orbitals
Which d block period 4 elements are not transition metals?
Scandium and Zinc
How many electrons can the d orbital hold?
10
When ions are formed, which electrons are removed first?
The s electrons
Why is Scandium not a transition metal?
It only forms one ion, Sc3+, which has an empty d subshell
Why is zinc not a transition metal?
It only forms one ion, Zn2+, which has a full d subshell
How many stable oxidation states does Vanadium have?
4
What are the stable oxidation states of Vanadium?
II, III, IV, V
What do transition metals have?
Variable oxidation states
What conditions must be met to form a compound of complex with an ion of a certain oxidation number?
The energy given out when the ion forms a compound or complex needs to be greater than the ionisation energy
How do transition metals form ions?
By loosing electrons from their 4s and 3d subshells
When does the energy released when an ion forms a complex or compound increase?
When the ionic charge increases.
What are complex ions?
Metal ions surrounded by datively covalently bonded ligands
What is a ligand?
An atom, ion or molecule which donates a pair of electrons to a central metal atom or ion.
What are monodentate ligands?
Ligands with one lone pair
What are bidentate ligands?
Ligands with two lone pairs
What are multidentate ligands?
Ligands with more than two lone pairs
What are examples of monodentate ligands?
H2O, NH3, Cl-
What is an example of a multidentate ligands?
EDTA 4-
What is the name for water in a complex?
Aqua
What is the name for a hydroide group in a complex?
hydroxo
What is the name for ammonia in a complex?
Ammine
What is the name for chloride in a complex?
Chloro