B11-hormonal Coordinatiom
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what is the endocrine system made up of
glands that secrete chemicals called hormones straight into the blood stream
Describe ADH and its role
Released by the pituitary gland (master gland) affects the amount of urine produced by the kidneys
difference between glucose, glycogen and glucagon
glucose- sugar used in respiration glycogen-storage carbohydrate found in liver and muscles glucagon-hormone that stimulated the liver to break down glycogen into glucose
describe the negative feedback control of glucose levels using insulin and glucagon
when blood glucose concentration falls below the ideal range the pancreas secretes GLUCAGON—->this makes your liver break stored glycogen back into glucose. when the blood glucose concentration goes above average the pancreas releases insulin… glucose—>glycogen
describe the cause of type 1 diabetes
pancreas does not make enough insulin or any at all. therefore glucose concentrations can increase to dangerous levels kidneys may even start secreting glucose in your urine
describe the cause of type 2 diabetes
linked to obesity the pancreas still makes insulin however body cells stop responding to it
How can type 1 diabetes be treated
replacement insulin before meals you must also be carefull at the amount of carbohydrates you eat
curing type 1 diabetes
transplant a pancreas transplant pancreatic cells
treating type 2 diabetes
eat a balanced diet with controlled amounts of carbos
describe the negative feedback loop of thyroxine
thyroid gland in your neck uses iodine from diet to produce thyroxine this controls metabolic rate also important in growth and development if thyroxine levels fall too much it is detected by the brain which sends signals to the pituitary gland telling it to release TSH (thyroxine stimulating hormone)
FSH-follicle stimulating hormone role
causes an egg to mature in n ovary and stimulates ovaries to release oestrogen
role of oestrogen
Stops FSH being produced (so that only one egg matures in a cycle). Repairs, thickens and maintains the uterus lining. Stimulates the pituitary gland to release LH.
role of LH -luteinising hormone
triggers ovulation(release of mature egg)
role of progesterone
Maintains the lining of the uterus during the latter part of the menstrual cycle and during pregnancy
4 main hormones part of menstruation and their location in the body
pituitary gland -FSH -LH Ovaries -Oestrogen -progesterone
what is the main male reproductive hormone
testosterone
what is the average length of the menstrual cycle
28 days
describe how contraceptives function
contains low doses of oestrogen and progesterone oestrogen inhibits the releasing of FSH also stops the lining of uterus from developing+ mucus in cervix to prevent sperm from swimming through
side effects of oral contraception
raised blood preassure, thrombosis and breast cancer
describe chemical contraceptive methods
spermicides which kill sperm they re not very available tho
describe barrier contraceptive methods
prevent sperm from reaching egg for example condoms diaphragm
describe how intrauterine devices work as contraception
structures inserted by doctor into the uterus last for 3-5 years
surgical methods of contraception
vasectomy-sperm ducts tied
what is it called when you do not perform intercorse
abstinence