VITAMINS, TRACE ELEMENTS & TUMOR MARKERS

Chemical Name: Retinol Maintenance of good vision, resistance to infection Deficiency causes night blindness, growth retardation, abnormal taste response, dermatitis

Chemical Name: Tocopherols Antioxidant; for cellular respiration Deficiency causes Mild hemolytic anemia, RBC fragility and ataxia

Chemical Name: Ergocalciferol, Cholecalciferol Deficiency causes Rickets & Osteomalacia

Chemical name: Activated Sterol (1,25-(OH)3) For absoprtion of dietary Calcium Deficiency causes Hypocalcemia

Chemical name: Phytomenadione Cofactor of procoagulants like prothrombin Deficiency causes bleeding disorder, hemorrhage

Chemical Name: Thiamine Functions as an enzyme cofactor Deficiency causes Dyspnea, Cyanosis, Diarrhea and vomiting in kids; Beri-beri, Wernicke-Korsakoff syndrome in adults

Chemical name: Riboflavin Functions as an enzyme cofactor Deficiency causes Angular stomatitis, Dermatitis, Photophobia

Chemical name: Pantothenic acid Functions as enzyme cofactor Deficiency causes depressed immune system, muscle weakness

Chemical name: Pyridoxine, Pyridoxal Functions as enzyme cofactor Deficiency causes irritability, seizures and anemia in infants; Also causes Facial seborrhea in adults

Chemical name: Cyanocobalamin Synthesis of DNA and Folate Deficiency causes Megaloblastic anemia and Neurologic Abnormalities

Chemical Name: Ascorbic Acid Hydroxylation of collagen; participates in redox reaction Deficiency causes Scurvy

Functions as enzyme cofactor Deficiency causes Dermatitis, Hair loss and depression

Functions in fat catabolism Deficiency causes Muscle weakness, and fatigue

Chemical name: Pteroglutamic acid Synthesis of Amino acids & DNA Deficiency causes Megaloblastic Anemia

Chemical name: Nicotinic acid/ Nicotinamide Enzyme cofactor Deficiency causes Pellagra

Enhances insulin action; For glucose & Lipid metabolism Deficiency causes insulin resistance, impaired GTT, hyperlipidemia Toxicity causes skin ulcers, renal and hepatic necrosis

Hemoglobin synthesis; Component of Vitamin B12 Deficiency causes Anemia, & Growth depression Toxicity causes Heart failure and hypothyroidism

Cellular respiration and Collagen synthesis Deficiency causes Menkes kinky hair syndrome and muscle weakness Toxicity causes interference with absorption of iron and zinc

Prevent dental caries Deficiency causes dental caries

Thyroid hormone synthesis Deficiency causes goiter, cretinism, and myxedema Toxicity causes thyrotoxicosis

For Oxygen transport and Component of hemoglobin Deficiency causes Anemia Toxicity causes hemachromatosis

Bone and connective tissue functions Deficiency causes skeletal defects Toxicity causes psychiatric disorders & Parkinson’s disease

DNA Metabolism Deficiency causes growth depression, cretinism and goiter Toxicity causes anemia and thyrotoxicosis

Prevents oxidative damage of lipids Deficiency causes Keshan disease Toxicity causes hair and nail loss, and liver failure