Introduction
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What is psychology?
Applied and academic field which studies the human mind and behaviour
What is health psychology?
Health psychology focuses on the role of psychological factors in the cause, progression and consequences of health and illness
Give 2 examples of oral functional behaviours
• Clenching 2. Grinding
Give 2 examples of oral health behaviours
• Tooth brushing 2. Flossing
Name 4 essential skills for dental students
• Communication skills • Fear management • Initiate good dental behaviour • Management of patients who are minors
Give 3 ways healthy behaviours can lead to a desirable outcome
• Less likelihood of illness • Less worry • Greater likelihood of longer life
Name 5 determinants of health behaviour
• Social influences • Learning (Behaviour/Consequences) • Emotional state • Perception of symptoms of illness • Beliefs
Describe the diagram for determinants of healthy behaviours
See slide 18 in Introduction lecture
What is self-efficacy?
A person’s belief that they can successfully accomplish a behaviour that is needed to bring about certain outcomes
What are 4 ways to identify strong self-efficacy?
• View challenging problems as tasks to be mastered • Develop deeper interests in activities • Form strong sense of commitment to interests • Recover quickly from setbacks
What are 4 ways to identify weak self-efficacy?
• Avoid challenging tasks • Believe difficult tasks are beyond their capabilities • Focus on personal failings • Quickly lose confidence in personal abilities
What is the theory of Planned Behaviour?
Cognitive approach to explaining behaviour which centres on individuals’ attitudes and beliefs
What can the theory of Planned Behaviour help predict?
Health related behaviours e.g. smoking, exercise, safe sex
What 4 things contribute to somebody’s intention in the theory of Planned Behaviour?
• Social norms • Attitudes • Values • Beliefs
What are the 2 main factors which can be altered in the Planned Behaviour model?
• Knowledge 2. Self-efficacy
Explain 3 criticisms of the Planned Behaviour model?
• Assumes the person has acquired the opportunities and resources to be successful • Assumes behaviour is a result of linear decision making • Time frame between intent and behavioural action is not addressed
What is the Health Belief Model?
A model developed to explain why so few people are participating in programs to prevent and detect disease
What are the 4 critical areas of the Health Belief Model?
• Perception of severity of illness • Perception of susceptibility to illness • Perception of benefits of preventative action • Perception of barriers to taking action
Explain 3 criticisms of the Health Belief Model?
• Health behaviour can be irrational • Too much emphasis on individual behaviours without considering social and economic factors • Had to adapt to include self-efficacy
What are the 5 levels in the State of Change Model?
• Pre-contemplation • Contemplation • Preparation • Action • Maintenance
What is the 6th level of the State of Change Model which makes it a cyclic model?
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