16. Renal

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Total cards: 24•Content version: v4•Public deck•Updated: 8/1/2026

Card preview (24)

Front (Question)

Crystal found in urine

Back (Answer)

Uric acid

Front (Question)

2 functions of peritubular capillaries

Back (Answer)

Reabsorption and secretion

Front (Question)

3 causes of proteinuria

Back (Answer)

• Renal disease • Post-strenuous exercise • Dehydration

Front (Question)

Low MW proteins that are light chain Ig fragments

Back (Answer)

Bence Jones proteins

Front (Question)

7 functions of kidney

Back (Answer)

• Urine formation • Regulate fluid balance • Regulate electrolyte balance • Regulate acid/base balance • Excrete waste products of metabolism • Hormonal functions • Protein conservation

Front (Question)

Where is uromucoid produced

Back (Answer)

DCT, collecting duct

Front (Question)

Cause of decreased serum uric acid

Back (Answer)

Fanconi’s disease

Front (Question)

Acidic urine = formation of which calculi?

Back (Answer)

• Uric acid calculi - Cystine calculi (rare)

Front (Question)

What gets converted to urea? Where?

Back (Answer)

Protein -> aa -> ammonia -> urea Liver

#10

Front (Question)

3 principle nitrogenous waste compounds

Back (Answer)

• Urea • Creatinine • Uric acid

#11

Front (Question)

When is uric acid soluble?

Back (Answer)

> pH 5.75 = sodium urate

#12

Front (Question)

Most common calculi

Back (Answer)

Calcium oxalate

#13

Front (Question)

Presence of waxy casts indicates?

Back (Answer)

End-stage renal disease

#14

Front (Question)

__________ rate of formation is constant per day and is proportional to one’s muscle mass

Back (Answer)

Creatinine

#15

Front (Question)

Cause of Type II RTA

Back (Answer)

Fanconi’s syndrome

#16

Front (Question)

Creatinine is made in the liver from these 3 compounds

Back (Answer)

• Arginine • Glycine • Methionine

#17

Front (Question)

Part of nephron that is permeable to ions (active and passive) but not to water

Back (Answer)

Ascending loop of Henle

#18

Front (Question)

Glomerular filtrate formation due to 2 things

Back (Answer)

• Pressure - Selectivity by charge and size

#19

Front (Question)

Enzyme that catalyzes hydrolysis of urea to ammonia and CO2

Back (Answer)

Urease

#20

Front (Question)

Alkaline urine = formation of which calculi?

Back (Answer)

• Calcium phosphate - Magnesium ammonium phosphate calculi (struvite)

#21

Front (Question)

Inborn error of metabolism associated w/ overproduction of uric acid resulting in arthritis, nephropathy, nephrolithiasis

Back (Answer)

Gout

#22

Front (Question)

Cause of type IV RTA

Back (Answer)

Diabetic nephropathy

#23

Front (Question)

Name of test that is starting to replace microalbumin

Back (Answer)

Albumin/creatinine ratio (ACR)

#24

Front (Question)

How to differentiate upper/lower UTI in terms of casts?

Back (Answer)

Lower - no casts Upper - WBC casts