Unit 1 : Cellular Respiration
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What is respiration ?
An enzyme controlled reaction that release energy contained in food to regenerate ATP
Give two examples of processes that use ATP
• Cell Division • Muscle Cell Contraction • Protien Synthesis • Transmission of nerve impulses
What are the 3 stages of respiration in order ?
1 -Glycolysis 2- Citric Acid Cycle 3 - Electron Transport Chain
What is the only stage of respiration that occurs in the cytoplasm?
Glycolysis
Whereabouts in the mitochondria does the Citric Acid Cycle and the Electron Transport Chain take place ?
Cac - matrix of the mitochondria Etc - mitochondrial membrane
Give two examples of uses of ATP
• Cell Division • Protein Synthesis • Transmission of Nerve Impulses • Cell contraction
What are the three stages of Respiration in order ?
• Glycolysis • Citric Acid Cycle • Electron Transport Chain
What is the only stage of Respiration that takes place in the cytoplasm ?
Glycolysis
Whereabout in the membrane does stage 2 and 3 of respiration take place ?
Cac - Matrix of the mitochondria Etc - Mitochondrial membrane
Give an example of Phosphorylation
ADP + Pi ~ ATP
True or False ? Hydrogen must always bond to something else
True
What does dehydrogenase enzymes do during glycolysis?
Remove Hydrogen Ions and Electrons to pass them to NAD
Why is Glycolysis described as having an investment and payoff stage ?
As 2 ATP molecules are used to phosphonylate intermediates in the pathway’s initially and it results in 4 ATP molecules being produced
Does Glycolysis require oxygen ?
No
Where does NADH transport the H ions and electrons?
The Electron Transport Chain
Does the Citric Acid Cycle require Oxygen?
Yes
What is pyruvate broken down into in stage 2 ?
Acetyl group and carbon dioxide which is released
What does the acetyl group combine with ?
Coenzyme A
What does acetyl CoA combine with once it enters the cycle ?
Oxaloacelate
How is ATP produced from the citric acid cycle ?
Oxaloacelate is regenerated from citrate generating ATP
What is the electron transport chain ?
Chains of protien carries that exist in the inner membrane. Electrons carried by NADH to the chain create a concentration gradient to allow the generation of ATP
Once the Hydrogen Ions and Electrons am are passed along the etc what happens to NADH
It just becomes NAD again
True or False ? Electrons passed along Electron Transport Chain requires energy
False it releases it
What is the energy released by electrons passing along the chain used for ?
Push hydrogen ions across the inner membrane does stage