Atomic structure, states of matter, periodic table, experimental techniques
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non metal ion [1]
Gains electrons and becomes negative ion
Explain why 2 isotopes of bromine have the same chemical propoerties [2]
1) same number of electrons 2) same electronic configuration
Atomic number define
Number of protons in an atom
Element define
Substance made up of 1 type of atom
Compound define
Substance made up of two or more types of elements
Why does an element behaves like a non-metal [2]
1) Gains electrons for stability 2) More electrons than protons in an atom forms negative ion
Solvent vs solute [2]
The solute is the substance that is being dissolved, while the solvent is the dissolving medium
The diagram shows the arrangement of the particles in a pure metal. Metals are often made into alloys to make them harder. Explain why alloys are harder than pure metals. Draw a diagram to support your answer. [4]
Pure metal: (Particles / ions / atoms are the same size in a regular arrangement so) layers can easily slide over each other; [1 mark] Alloy: Diagram of alloy structure showing a minimum of three layers with at least one different-sized circle; [1 mark] (Having different sized particles breaks up the regular arrangement; [1 mark] So, it is hard(er) for layers to slide over each other; [1 mark] [Total: 4 marks]
Both iron andsteel have typical metallic structures - a latticeofpositiveions anda sea of electrons. i) Explain why iron and steel havehigh meltingpoints. [2] ii) Explain why, when a force is applied to a pieceof steel, itdoes not breakbutchanges its shape.
i) Lots of strong electrostatic forces that require a lot of energy to break ii) The lattice can slide past each other
Are alloys chemically combined
false
This question is aboutmetals andnon-metals. Comparetheproperties ofmetals andnon-metals. [4]
1) Metals conduct heat and electricity AND Non-metals do not conduct heat and electricity 2) Metals are malleable AND Non-metals are brittle 3) Metals are shiny AND Non-metals are dull 4) Metals have high density AND Non-metals have low density
Give three example of a property of Group I metals that is different from most other metals. [3]
Low density Low melting point Soft
Define alloy
A mixture of more than 1 metal and other elements
Rf formula
Distance travelled by solute / distance travelled by solvent
explain filtration
Filtration : Used to separate an insoluble solid from a mixture of the solid and a liquid / solution ( e.g. sand from a mixture of sand and water).
Crystallisation is used for what
Crystallisation: Used to separate a dissolved solid from a solution, when the solid is more soluble in hot solvent than in cold (e.g. copper sulphate from a solution of copper (II) sulphate in water)
simple and fractional distillation is used for what [2]
Simple Distillation Used to separate a liquid and soluble solid from a solution (e.g. water from a solution of saltwater) or a pure liquid from a mixture of liquids Fractional distillation A mixture of liquids that is separated by (different) boiling points; (e.g. ethanol and water from a mixture of the two)
Mass number
number of protons/neutrons
what define a period in a periodic table
number of shells in element
Mixture vs compound [4]
1) Mixture is physically combined 2) Compound is chemically combined 3) Mixture can be separated by physical means 4) Compounds have fixed melting & boiling points
Why is alloy preferred than pure metals?
Alloys can be harder and stronger than the pure metals and are more useful
elements in the 1st period
Hydrogen & helium
Lithium, beryllium, boron, carbon… etc are part of which period?
2
Why is neon unreactive?
Neon has a full outershell